仲裁（ARB）：以太坊可伸缩性的下一个演变

在最新一期的非正式系列中，有关相对较新的协议如何试图解决以太坊的区块链三元素

In the latest instalment of an informal series about how relatively new class of protocols are attempting to solve Ethereum’s blockchain trilemma, this article explores the inner workings of Arbitrum- one of Superchain’s main rivals- and the state of its ecosystem.

在一个非正式系列的最新一部分中，有关相对较新的协议类别如何试图解决以太坊的区块链三元素，本文探讨了索引的内在工作 - 超级链的主要竞争对手之一及其生态系统的状态。

Why was Arbitrum created?

为什么会创建仲裁？

The blockchain trilemma posits that developers have to make trade-offs between security, decentralisation and scalability. Ethereum prioritised security and decentralisation, which limits its scalability- the network processes 16 transactions per second (TPS), ranking it the sixteenth fastest blockchain overall. The resulting congestion affects transaction fees, known as gas fees, which rose by nearly 500% in September 2024 following a surge in on-chain activity, driven in part by increased trading volume on decentralised exchanges.

区块链三元素认为开发人员必须在安全性，权力下放和可扩展性之间进行权衡。以太坊优先考虑安全性和权力下放，这限制了其可扩展性 - 网络每秒处理16次交易（TPS），将其排名为第十六个最快的区块链总体。由此产生的拥塞影响交易费用，称为汽油费，在链上活动激增后，在2024年9月，该费用增长了近500％，部分原因是分散交易所的交易量增加。

Arbitrum was launched in August 2021 by Offchain Labs to address Ethereum’s scalability challenges. It’s a layer 2 (L2) protocol, so it inherits Ethereum’s security, and it uses a technology called rollups to boost TPS, which process transactions off-chain and send them back in batches to the base layer. Arbitrum employs optimistic rollups, which assume transactions are valid unless disputed, as opposed to zero-knowledge (ZK) rollups which use a cryptographic technique called ZK proofs to validate transactions.

Owtchain Labs于2021年8月推出了仲裁，以应对以太坊的可伸缩性挑战。它是第2层（L2）协议，因此它继承了以太坊的安全性，并使用一种称为“汇总”的技术来增强TPS，该技术将TPS促进了链接的交易，并将其分批寄回基础层。仲裁采用乐观的汇总，除非有争议，否则假设交易是有效的，而不是使用零知识（ZK）汇总，该汇总使用使用称为ZK证明的加密技术来验证交易。

The network consists of multiple chains. Arbitrum One executes rollups, while Arbitrum Nova is an AnyTrust chain, similar to a rollup but it stores data off-chain on external platforms like Google Cloud. This design allows Nova to charge lower transaction fees, but it sacrifices a degree of decentralisation by relying on third parties. Finally, Orbit Chains are customisable blockchains which can take the form of L2s or layer 3s.

该网络由多个链组成。仲裁一个人执行汇总，而仲裁NOVA是一个Anytrust链，类似于汇总，但它将数据离链的数据偏离链，例如Google Cloud等外部平台。这种设计使NOVA可以收取较低的交易费用，但通过依靠第三方牺牲了一定程度的分散化。最后，轨道链是可自定义的区块链，可以采用L2S或第3层的形式。

ARB: Arbitrum's native token

ARB：仲裁的本地令牌

Arbitrum’s native token is ARB, created using the ERC-20 standard developed by the Ethereum community. While it can serve as a medium of exchange, ARB’s main role in the ecosystem is as a governance token (users pay transaction fees in ether):

仲裁的本地令牌是ARB，它是使用以太坊社区开发的ERC-20标准创建的。尽管它可以作为交换媒介，但ARB在生态系统中的主要作用是作为治理令牌（用户支付以太币的交易费用）：

Holders can participate in the Arbitrum DAO (decentralised autonomous organisation), submitting and voting on Arbitrum Improvement Proposals (AIPs) such as network upgrades.

持有人可以参与仲裁道（分散自治组织），就网络升级等仲裁改进建议（AIPS）提交和投票。

They can also elect members to the security council, which manages risks by implementing emergency and non-emergency actions.

他们还可以选举安全理事会成员，该会员通过实施紧急和非紧急行动来管理风险。

Votes are token-weighted, so the larger the holding, the greater the influence on the outcome.

投票权的加权是持续权力的，因此持有越大，对结果的影响就越大。

ARB’s total supply was initially set at 10 billion, with 4.6 billion in circulation as of March 2025. The table below shows how these tokens were distributed after the approval of AIPs 1.1 and 1.2. Team members and investors were subject to a four-year lock-up, with the first ‘unlock’ taking place in March 2024 and continuing monthly over the following three years. The Arbitrum Foundation’s vesting period started in April 2023 and also lasts four years.

ARB的总供应最初设定为100亿，截至2025年3月，发行量为46亿。团队成员和投资者受到了为期四年的锁定，在2024年3月举行了第一次“解锁”，并在接下来的三年中每月持续。仲裁基金会的归属期始于2023年4月，持续了四年。

ARB’s maximum annual inflation rate is 2%. The Arbitrum DAO is responsible for issuing new tokens, but no minting proposals had been submitted as of March 2025.

ARB的最高年度通货膨胀率为2％。仲裁DAO负责发行新的代币，但截至2025年3月，尚未提出任何铸造提案。

Ecosystem

生态系统

The market capitalisation of the Arbitrum ecosystem is just short of $290 billion, putting it well ahead of Optimism ($48 billion).

仲裁生态系统的市值仅为2900亿美元，使它领先于乐观（480亿美元）。

Arbitrum’s largest projects by market cap are multichain stablecoins pegged to the US dollar: USDT, issued by blockchain platform Tether, and USDC, issued by payment provider Circle. Tether recently announced that it chose Arbitrum to provide the infrastructure for USDTo, its interoperable stablecoin.

仲裁划定的最大项目是由付款提供商圈发行的区块链平台Tether和USDC签发的多键型稳定股。 Tether最近宣布，它选择了索赔，以提供USDTO的基础架构，即互操作的稳定性。

The next biggest project by market cap is Chainlink, an oracle network that links blockchains with real-world data required by smart contracts to execute agreements, such as bets on the outcome of an election or sports event. Rounding out the top five projects are two further stablecoins: Sky Protocol’s DAI and USDe, a synthetic stablecoin issued by Ethena Labs, which is backed by cryptocurrencies and futures rather than fiat currency.

市值下一个最大的项目是Chainlink，这是一个Oracle网络，它将区块链与智能合约所需的现实世界数据联系起来，以执行协议，例如对选举或体育赛事的结果进行下注。排名前五的项目是另外两个稳定的稳定者：Sky Protoct的DAI和USDE，这是Ethena Labs发行的合成稳定的，它得到了加密货币和期货而不是法定货币的支持。

The blockchain technology is also used by crypto exchanges GMX and Camelot.

加密交换GMX和Camelot也使用了区块链技术。

Arbitrum’s activity has also surged in 2025, thanks to its role as the main bridge to Hyperliquid, a crypto exchange offering perpetual derivative contracts.

仲裁活动在2025年也激增，这要归功于其作为超级流动性的主要桥梁的作用，这是一种加密交易所，提供永久衍生合同。

Looking ahead

展望未来

Offchain Labs published a roadmap for Arbitrum in August 2024 outlining its short-term priorities for the protocol. Some of the planned upgrades include:

Offchain Labs于2024年8月发布了仲裁路线图，概述了该协议的短期优先事项。一些计划的升级包括：

Making Arbitrum more accessible to developers by deploying Arbitrum Stylus, a virtual machine that supports multiple programming languages in addition to Ethereum’s Solidity.

通过部署仲裁手写笔使开发人员更容易访问仲裁，这是一种虚拟机，除了以太坊的坚固性外，还支持多种编程语言。

Supporting decentralisation by introducing a new dispute resolution mechanism for Arbitrum’s optimistic rollups, which should help the network achieve L2Beat’s definition of a stage

通过引入新的争议解决机制来支持分散化，以实现仲裁乐观的汇总，这应该有助于网络实现L2Beat对阶段的定义