仲裁（ARB）：以太坊可伸縮性的下一個演變

在最新一期的非正式系列中，有關相對較新的協議如何試圖解決以太坊的區塊鏈三元素

In the latest instalment of an informal series about how relatively new class of protocols are attempting to solve Ethereum’s blockchain trilemma, this article explores the inner workings of Arbitrum- one of Superchain’s main rivals- and the state of its ecosystem.

在一個非正式系列的最新一部分中，有關相對較新的協議類別如何試圖解決以太坊的區塊鏈三元素，本文探討了索引的內在工作 - 超級鏈的主要競爭對手之一及其生態系統的狀態。

Why was Arbitrum created?

為什麼會創建仲裁？

The blockchain trilemma posits that developers have to make trade-offs between security, decentralisation and scalability. Ethereum prioritised security and decentralisation, which limits its scalability- the network processes 16 transactions per second (TPS), ranking it the sixteenth fastest blockchain overall. The resulting congestion affects transaction fees, known as gas fees, which rose by nearly 500% in September 2024 following a surge in on-chain activity, driven in part by increased trading volume on decentralised exchanges.

區塊鏈三元素認為開發人員必須在安全性，權力下放和可擴展性之間進行權衡。以太坊優先考慮安全性和權力下放，這限制了其可擴展性 - 網絡每秒處理16次交易（TPS），將其排名為第十六個最快的區塊鏈總體。由此產生的擁塞影響交易費用，稱為汽油費，在鏈上活動激增後，在2024年9月，該費用增長了近500％，部分原因是分散交易所的交易量增加。

Arbitrum was launched in August 2021 by Offchain Labs to address Ethereum’s scalability challenges. It’s a layer 2 (L2) protocol, so it inherits Ethereum’s security, and it uses a technology called rollups to boost TPS, which process transactions off-chain and send them back in batches to the base layer. Arbitrum employs optimistic rollups, which assume transactions are valid unless disputed, as opposed to zero-knowledge (ZK) rollups which use a cryptographic technique called ZK proofs to validate transactions.

Owtchain Labs於2021年8月推出了仲裁，以應對以太坊的可伸縮性挑戰。它是第2層（L2）協議，因此它繼承了以太坊的安全性，並使用一種稱為“匯總”的技術來增強TPS，該技術將TPS促進了鏈接的交易，並將其分批寄回基礎層。仲裁採用樂觀的匯總，除非有爭議，否則假設交易是有效的，而不是使用零知識（ZK）匯總，該匯總使用使用稱為ZK證明的加密技術來驗證交易。

The network consists of multiple chains. Arbitrum One executes rollups, while Arbitrum Nova is an AnyTrust chain, similar to a rollup but it stores data off-chain on external platforms like Google Cloud. This design allows Nova to charge lower transaction fees, but it sacrifices a degree of decentralisation by relying on third parties. Finally, Orbit Chains are customisable blockchains which can take the form of L2s or layer 3s.

該網絡由多個鏈組成。仲裁一個人執行匯總，而仲裁NOVA是一個Anytrust鏈，類似於匯總，但它將數據離鏈的數據偏離鏈，例如Google Cloud等外部平台。這種設計使NOVA可以收取較低的交易費用，但通過依靠第三方犧牲了一定程度的分散化。最後，軌道鍊是可自定義的區塊鏈，可以採用L2S或第3層的形式。

ARB: Arbitrum's native token

ARB：仲裁的本地令牌

Arbitrum’s native token is ARB, created using the ERC-20 standard developed by the Ethereum community. While it can serve as a medium of exchange, ARB’s main role in the ecosystem is as a governance token (users pay transaction fees in ether):

仲裁的本地令牌是ARB，它是使用以太坊社區開發的ERC-20標準創建的。儘管它可以作為交換媒介，但ARB在生態系統中的主要作用是作為治理令牌（用戶支付以太幣的交易費用）：

Holders can participate in the Arbitrum DAO (decentralised autonomous organisation), submitting and voting on Arbitrum Improvement Proposals (AIPs) such as network upgrades.

持有人可以參與仲裁道（分散自治組織），就網絡升級等仲裁改進建議（AIPS）提交和投票。

They can also elect members to the security council, which manages risks by implementing emergency and non-emergency actions.

他們還可以選舉安全理事會成員，該會員通過實施緊急和非緊急行動來管理風險。

Votes are token-weighted, so the larger the holding, the greater the influence on the outcome.

投票權的加權是持續權力的，因此持有越大，對結果的影響就越大。

ARB’s total supply was initially set at 10 billion, with 4.6 billion in circulation as of March 2025. The table below shows how these tokens were distributed after the approval of AIPs 1.1 and 1.2. Team members and investors were subject to a four-year lock-up, with the first ‘unlock’ taking place in March 2024 and continuing monthly over the following three years. The Arbitrum Foundation’s vesting period started in April 2023 and also lasts four years.

ARB的總供應最初設定為100億，截至2025年3月，發行量為46億。團隊成員和投資者受到了為期四年的鎖定，在2024年3月舉行了第一次“解鎖”，並在接下來的三年中每月持續。仲裁基金會的歸屬期始於2023年4月，持續了四年。

ARB’s maximum annual inflation rate is 2%. The Arbitrum DAO is responsible for issuing new tokens, but no minting proposals had been submitted as of March 2025.

ARB的最高年度通貨膨脹率為2％。仲裁DAO負責發行新的代幣，但截至2025年3月，尚未提出任何鑄造提案。

Ecosystem

生態系統

The market capitalisation of the Arbitrum ecosystem is just short of $290 billion, putting it well ahead of Optimism ($48 billion).

仲裁生態系統的市值僅為2900億美元，使它領先於樂觀（480億美元）。

Arbitrum’s largest projects by market cap are multichain stablecoins pegged to the US dollar: USDT, issued by blockchain platform Tether, and USDC, issued by payment provider Circle. Tether recently announced that it chose Arbitrum to provide the infrastructure for USDTo, its interoperable stablecoin.

仲裁劃定的最大項目是由付款提供商圈發行的區塊鏈平台Tether和USDC簽發的多鍵型穩定股。 Tether最近宣布，它選擇了索賠，以提供USDTO的基礎架構，即互操作的穩定性。

The next biggest project by market cap is Chainlink, an oracle network that links blockchains with real-world data required by smart contracts to execute agreements, such as bets on the outcome of an election or sports event. Rounding out the top five projects are two further stablecoins: Sky Protocol’s DAI and USDe, a synthetic stablecoin issued by Ethena Labs, which is backed by cryptocurrencies and futures rather than fiat currency.

市值下一個最大的項目是Chainlink，這是一個Oracle網絡，它將區塊鏈與智能合約所需的現實世界數據聯繫起來，以執行協議，例如對選舉或體育賽事的結果進行下注。排名前五的項目是另外兩個穩定的穩定者：Sky Protoct的DAI和USDE，這是Ethena Labs發行的合成穩定的，它得到了加密貨幣和期貨而不是法定貨幣的支持。

The blockchain technology is also used by crypto exchanges GMX and Camelot.

加密交換GMX和Camelot也使用了區塊鏈技術。

Arbitrum’s activity has also surged in 2025, thanks to its role as the main bridge to Hyperliquid, a crypto exchange offering perpetual derivative contracts.

仲裁活動在2025年也激增，這要歸功於其作為超級流動性的主要橋樑的作用，這是一種加密交易所，提供永久衍生合同。

Looking ahead

展望未來

Offchain Labs published a roadmap for Arbitrum in August 2024 outlining its short-term priorities for the protocol. Some of the planned upgrades include:

Offchain Labs於2024年8月發布了仲裁路線圖，概述了該協議的短期優先事項。一些計劃的升級包括：

Making Arbitrum more accessible to developers by deploying Arbitrum Stylus, a virtual machine that supports multiple programming languages in addition to Ethereum’s Solidity.

通過部署仲裁手寫筆使開發人員更容易訪問仲裁，這是一種虛擬機，除了以太坊的堅固性外，還支持多種編程語言。

Supporting decentralisation by introducing a new dispute resolution mechanism for Arbitrum’s optimistic rollups, which should help the network achieve L2Beat’s definition of a stage

通過引入新的爭議解決機制來支持分散化，以實現仲裁樂觀的匯總，這應該有助於網絡實現L2Beat對階段的定義