確保Web 3.0世界：從代碼審核到零信任體系結構

Web 3.0世界是由代碼和密碼學驅動的，區塊鍊是數字信任的象徵，數字信託是一個廉潔的分類帳，有望分散。

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Web 3.0, where code and cryptography drive innovation and blockchain stands as the emblem of digital trust, a paradox has emerged. As billions flow through smart contracts and token economies, the issue of blockchain security becomes increasingly pressing.

在Web 3.0的快速發展的景觀中，代碼和密碼學推動創新和區塊鍊是數字信任的象徵，悖論已經出現。隨著數十億美元通過智能合約和代幣經濟體，區塊鏈安全問題變得越來越緊迫。

This paradox arises from the fact that while blockchain is designed to foster agility and decentralisation, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks poses significant challenges to this vision.

這種悖論源於這樣一個事實，即區塊鏈旨在促進敏捷性和分散性，但越來越多的網絡攻擊的複雜性給這一願景帶來了重大挑戰。

From smart contract loopholes to weak wallet keys and the broader digital asset spectrum, a multi-layered approach is paramount. In February 2025, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) seized ₹1.08 crore during a crypto fraud probe, highlighting the misuse of digital currencies in financial crimes.

從智能合同漏洞到弱錢包鑰匙和更廣泛的數字資產頻譜，多層方法至關重要。 2025年2月，中央調查局（CBI）在加密欺詐調查期間沒收了1.08億盧比，強調了金融犯罪中數字貨幣的濫用。

This incident, part of a broader investigation into a crypto scam that began in 2020, underscores the urgency of securing the digital asset ecosystem. Despite blockchain’s reputation for being tamper-resistant, the ecosystem surrounding it—exchanges, wallets, smart contracts and user endpoints—remains vulnerable.

這一事件是對2020年開始的加密騙局進行更廣泛調查的一部分，強調了確保數字資產生態系統的緊迫性。儘管區塊鏈因篡改耐藥性而聞名，但圍繞它的生態系統（交換，錢包，智能合約和用戶終點）卻受到了脆弱的影響。

Trust boundaries are tested as illicit actors refine their tactics, spanning social engineering to exploiting protocol flaws.

信任邊界被測試是因為非法參與者完善了他們的戰術，跨越社會工程以利用協議缺陷。

Securing digital assets requires a multi-layered approach, including rigorous code audits, real-time threat detection, regulatory alignment and ongoing education for users and developers. To truly understand the blockchain security ecosystem, it’s essential to move beyond the notion of it being a singular concept.

確保數字資產需要採用多層方法，包括嚴格的代碼審核，實時威脅檢測，監管一致性和為用戶和開發人員進行的持續教育。為了真正了解區塊鏈安全生態系統，必須超越它是一個單一概念的概念。

In the broadest sense, blockchain can be viewed as a collection of interdependent layers, each with its security requirements and vulnerabilities. Every element contributes to the system’s overall integrity, beginning with the protocol layer that defines consensus mechanisms and economic parameters.

從廣義上講，區塊鏈可以被視為相互依賴層的集合，每個層都有其安全要求和脆弱性。每個元素都會有助於系統的整體完整性，從定義共識機制和經濟參數的協議層開始。

Above this are smart contracts, small programs designed to carry out specific tasks or agreements in a verifiable and automated manner. A flaw in one layer, such as an unaudited smart contract, can expose an otherwise secure network to massive exploits—as seen in numerous DeFi (Decentralised Finance) breaches where a single smart contract vulnerability led to the theft of millions.

上面是智能合約，即旨在以可驗證和自動化方式執行特定任務或協議的小計劃。一層中的缺陷，例如未經審計的智能合約，可以將原本安全的網絡暴露於大規模的利用中，就像在眾多defi（分散的財務）違規中所看到的那樣，單個智能合約漏洞導致了數百萬的盜竊。

Equally important is the role of wallets and key management, where a single compromised private key can mean the irrevocable loss of digital assets. And with blockchain bridges facilitating interoperability between chains, the complexity—and risk—only intensifies.

同樣重要的是錢包和鑰匙管理的作用，其中單個受損的私鑰可能意味著數字資產的不可撤銷損失。隨著區塊鏈橋樑促進鏈之間的互操作性，複雜性和風險僅加劇。

Organisations are unlocking new liquidity and fractional ownership by representing physical assets like art, commodities or real estate as blockchain-based tokens. However, this also expands the attack surface.

組織通過代表藝術，商品或房地產為基於區塊鏈的令牌來解鎖新的流動性和分數所有權。但是，這也擴大了攻擊表面。

Tokenised assets introduce new risks—from incorrect metadata and faulty smart contracts to manipulation of the underlying data. A compromised tokenised asset doesn’t just threaten a digital token—it can call into question ownership and legal rights in the real world.

令牌資產引入了新的風險 - 從錯誤的元數據和錯誤的智能合約到操縱基礎數據。受妥協的令牌資產不僅威脅著數字代幣，而且可以質疑現實世界中的所有權和合法權利。

Securing these assets, therefore, requires more than just technical audits. It needs regulatory clarity, and secure integration between digital and physical record-keeping systems. Although businesses are increasingly recognising the importance of tokenisation, 76% of firms plan to invest in tokenised assets by 2026.

因此，確保這些資產不僅需要技術審核。它需要法規清晰度，並在數字保存系統和物理記錄系統之間進行安全集成。儘管企業越來越認識到令牌化的重要性，但有76％的公司計劃到2026年投資令牌資產。

But there remains a critical need to approach every component of the blockchain ecosystem with equal vigilance. As we move into a decentralised future, the lines between online and offline security will blur even further.

但是，仍然需要同等的警惕，仍然需要與區塊鏈生態系統的每個組成部分聯繫起來。隨著我們進入分散的未來，在線和離線安全之間的界限將進一步模糊。

One of the emerging security frameworks is Zero Trust Architecture. It simply means never automatically trusting anyone or anything, inside or outside the system. Every user, transaction or device is verified continuously, ensuring that even if a hacker gets in, they can’t move freely or access critical data without re-authentication. It is like installing checkpoints throughout a secure building instead of just at the main entrance.

新興的安全框架之一是零信任體系結構。這只是意味著永遠不會自動信任系統內部或外部的任何人或任何事物。連續驗證每個用戶，事務或設備，以確保即使黑客進入，他們也無法自由移動或無需重新認證即可訪問關鍵數據。這就像在整個安全建築物中安裝檢查站，而不是在正門。

Then there’s Multi-Party Computation (MPC), a more advanced yet practical way to manage digital keys. Instead of storing the entire private key in one place (where it could be stolen or lost), MPC splits it into parts and stores them in multiple locations. No single party ever has full access, making it nearly impossible for hackers to compromise it entirely.

然後是多方計算（MPC），這是一種管理數字鑰匙的更先進而實用的方法。 MPC無需將整個私鑰存儲在一個地方（可能被盜或丟失），而是將其分成部分，並將其存儲在多個位置。沒有一方完全可以訪問，這幾乎使黑客完全不可能完全妥協。

Similarly, AML/KYC compliance ensures that users transacting in crypto are verified and monitored to detect suspicious activity. These tools are crucial in deterring fraud and creating a more accountable digital financial system.

同樣，AML/KYC合規性確保對加密貨幣進行交易的用戶進行驗證並監控以檢測可疑活動。這些工具對於阻止欺詐並創建更負責任的數字金融系統至關重要。

Smart contract audits act as a critical checkpoint before any smart contract goes live. Much like how software undergoes rigorous testing or legal documents are reviewed before finalisation, smart contracts must be inspected for hidden bugs, logical loopholes or vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit.

在任何智能合約上線之前，Smart Contract Audits作為關鍵檢查站。就像在最終確定之前對軟件進行嚴格的測試或法律文件的審查一樣，必須檢查智能合約是否有惡意參與者可以利用的隱藏錯誤，邏輯漏洞或漏洞。

Without this step, millions of digital assets can be drained in seconds through a flaw in the code. Audits help ensure that the trust encoded into these contracts holds up under real-world conditions.

沒有這一步驟，可以通過代碼中的缺陷在幾秒鐘內排出數百萬的數字資產。審核有助於確保編碼為這些合同的信託在實際條件下成立。

However, security is not limited to code; it is also about the people interacting with it. That’s where Decentralised Identity (DID) comes into play. As users increasingly move across decentralised platforms, DID gives individuals ownership over their digital credentials without relying on centralised authorities like banks or governments.

但是，安全不僅限於代碼；這也是關於與之互動的人們。那是分散的身份（確實）發揮作用的地方。隨著用戶越來越多地在分散平台上移動，確實使個人擁有對數字證書的所有權，而不依靠銀行或政府等集中權威。

With DID, users can choose what information to share and with whom, minimising the risk of identity theft, data misuse

有了DID，用戶可以選擇要共享的信息，以及最小化身份盜用的風險，數據濫用