确保Web 3.0世界：从代码审核到零信任体系结构

Web 3.0世界是由代码和密码学驱动的，区块链是数字信任的象征，数字信托是一个廉洁的分类帐，有望分散。

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Web 3.0, where code and cryptography drive innovation and blockchain stands as the emblem of digital trust, a paradox has emerged. As billions flow through smart contracts and token economies, the issue of blockchain security becomes increasingly pressing.

在Web 3.0的快速发展的景观中，代码和密码学推动创新和区块链是数字信任的象征，悖论已经出现。随着数十亿美元通过智能合约和代币经济体，区块链安全问题变得越来越紧迫。

This paradox arises from the fact that while blockchain is designed to foster agility and decentralisation, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks poses significant challenges to this vision.

这种悖论源于这样一个事实，即区块链旨在促进敏捷性和分散性，但越来越多的网络攻击的复杂性给这一愿景带来了重大挑战。

From smart contract loopholes to weak wallet keys and the broader digital asset spectrum, a multi-layered approach is paramount. In February 2025, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) seized ₹1.08 crore during a crypto fraud probe, highlighting the misuse of digital currencies in financial crimes.

从智能合同漏洞到弱钱包钥匙和更广泛的数字资产频谱，多层方法至关重要。 2025年2月，中央调查局（CBI）在加密欺诈调查期间没收了1.08亿卢比，强调了金融犯罪中数字货币的滥用。

This incident, part of a broader investigation into a crypto scam that began in 2020, underscores the urgency of securing the digital asset ecosystem. Despite blockchain’s reputation for being tamper-resistant, the ecosystem surrounding it—exchanges, wallets, smart contracts and user endpoints—remains vulnerable.

这一事件是对2020年开始的加密骗局进行更广泛调查的一部分，强调了确保数字资产生态系统的紧迫性。尽管区块链因篡改耐药性而闻名，但围绕它的生态系统（交换，钱包，智能合约和用户终点）却受到了脆弱的影响。

Trust boundaries are tested as illicit actors refine their tactics, spanning social engineering to exploiting protocol flaws.

信任边界被测试是因为非法参与者完善了他们的战术，跨越社会工程以利用协议缺陷。

Securing digital assets requires a multi-layered approach, including rigorous code audits, real-time threat detection, regulatory alignment and ongoing education for users and developers. To truly understand the blockchain security ecosystem, it’s essential to move beyond the notion of it being a singular concept.

确保数字资产需要采用多层方法，包括严格的代码审核，实时威胁检测，监管一致性和为用户和开发人员进行的持续教育。为了真正了解区块链安全生态系统，必须超越它是一个单一概念的概念。

In the broadest sense, blockchain can be viewed as a collection of interdependent layers, each with its security requirements and vulnerabilities. Every element contributes to the system’s overall integrity, beginning with the protocol layer that defines consensus mechanisms and economic parameters.

从广义上讲，区块链可以被视为相互依赖层的集合，每个层都有其安全要求和脆弱性。每个元素都会有助于系统的整体完整性，从定义共识机制和经济参数的协议层开始。

Above this are smart contracts, small programs designed to carry out specific tasks or agreements in a verifiable and automated manner. A flaw in one layer, such as an unaudited smart contract, can expose an otherwise secure network to massive exploits—as seen in numerous DeFi (Decentralised Finance) breaches where a single smart contract vulnerability led to the theft of millions.

上面是智能合约，即旨在以可验证和自动化方式执行特定任务或协议的小计划。一层中的缺陷，例如未经审计的智能合约，可以将原本安全的网络暴露于大规模的利用中，就像在众多defi（分散的财务）违规中所看到的那样，单个智能合约漏洞导致了数百万的盗窃。

Equally important is the role of wallets and key management, where a single compromised private key can mean the irrevocable loss of digital assets. And with blockchain bridges facilitating interoperability between chains, the complexity—and risk—only intensifies.

同样重要的是钱包和钥匙管理的作用，其中单个受损的私钥可能意味着数字资产的不可撤销损失。随着区块链桥梁促进链之间的互操作性，复杂性和风险仅加剧。

Organisations are unlocking new liquidity and fractional ownership by representing physical assets like art, commodities or real estate as blockchain-based tokens. However, this also expands the attack surface.

组织通过代表艺术，商品或房地产为基于区块链的令牌来解锁新的流动性和分数所有权。但是，这也扩大了攻击表面。

Tokenised assets introduce new risks—from incorrect metadata and faulty smart contracts to manipulation of the underlying data. A compromised tokenised asset doesn’t just threaten a digital token—it can call into question ownership and legal rights in the real world.

令牌资产引入了新的风险 - 从错误的元数据和错误的智能合约到操纵基础数据。受妥协的令牌资产不仅威胁着数字代币，而且可以质疑现实世界中的所有权和合法权利。

Securing these assets, therefore, requires more than just technical audits. It needs regulatory clarity, and secure integration between digital and physical record-keeping systems. Although businesses are increasingly recognising the importance of tokenisation, 76% of firms plan to invest in tokenised assets by 2026.

因此，确保这些资产不仅需要技术审核。它需要法规清晰度，并在数字保存系统和物理记录系统之间进行安全集成。尽管企业越来越认识到令牌化的重要性，但有76％的公司计划到2026年投资令牌资产。

But there remains a critical need to approach every component of the blockchain ecosystem with equal vigilance. As we move into a decentralised future, the lines between online and offline security will blur even further.

但是，仍然需要同等的警惕，仍然需要与区块链生态系统的每个组成部分联系起来。随着我们进入分散的未来，在线和离线安全之间的界限将进一步模糊。

One of the emerging security frameworks is Zero Trust Architecture. It simply means never automatically trusting anyone or anything, inside or outside the system. Every user, transaction or device is verified continuously, ensuring that even if a hacker gets in, they can’t move freely or access critical data without re-authentication. It is like installing checkpoints throughout a secure building instead of just at the main entrance.

新兴的安全框架之一是零信任体系结构。这只是意味着永远不会自动信任系统内部或外部的任何人或任何事物。连续验证每个用户，事务或设备，以确保即使黑客进入，他们也无法自由移动或无需重新认证即可访问关键数据。这就像在整个安全建筑物中安装检查站，而不是在正门。

Then there’s Multi-Party Computation (MPC), a more advanced yet practical way to manage digital keys. Instead of storing the entire private key in one place (where it could be stolen or lost), MPC splits it into parts and stores them in multiple locations. No single party ever has full access, making it nearly impossible for hackers to compromise it entirely.

然后是多方计算（MPC），这是一种管理数字钥匙的更先进而实用的方法。 MPC无需将整个私钥存储在一个地方（可能被盗或丢失），而是将其分成部分，并将其存储在多个位置。没有一方完全可以访问，这几乎使黑客完全不可能完全妥协。

Similarly, AML/KYC compliance ensures that users transacting in crypto are verified and monitored to detect suspicious activity. These tools are crucial in deterring fraud and creating a more accountable digital financial system.

同样，AML/KYC合规性确保对加密货币进行交易的用户进行验证并监控以检测可疑活动。这些工具对于阻止欺诈并创建更负责任的数字金融系统至关重要。

Smart contract audits act as a critical checkpoint before any smart contract goes live. Much like how software undergoes rigorous testing or legal documents are reviewed before finalisation, smart contracts must be inspected for hidden bugs, logical loopholes or vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit.

在任何智能合约上线之前，Smart Contract Audits作为关键检查站。就像在最终确定之前对软件进行严格的测试或法律文件的审查一样，必须检查智能合约是否有恶意参与者可以利用的隐藏错误，逻辑漏洞或漏洞。

Without this step, millions of digital assets can be drained in seconds through a flaw in the code. Audits help ensure that the trust encoded into these contracts holds up under real-world conditions.

没有这一步骤，可以通过代码中的缺陷在几秒钟内排出数百万的数字资产。审核有助于确保编码为这些合同的信托在实际条件下成立。

However, security is not limited to code; it is also about the people interacting with it. That’s where Decentralised Identity (DID) comes into play. As users increasingly move across decentralised platforms, DID gives individuals ownership over their digital credentials without relying on centralised authorities like banks or governments.

但是，安全不仅限于代码；这也是关于与之互动的人们。那是分散的身份（确实）发挥作用的地方。随着用户越来越多地在分散平台上移动，确实使个人拥有对数字证书的所有权，而不依靠银行或政府等集中权威。

With DID, users can choose what information to share and with whom, minimising the risk of identity theft, data misuse

有了DID，用户可以选择要共享的信息，以及最小化身份盗用的风险，数据滥用