最近的一系列國防部決策可能會使婦女更難擔任戰鬥角色。

由Sonner Kehrt，19號戰馬

A series of recent Department of Defense decisions could make it harder for women to serve in combat roles.

最近的一系列國防部決策可能會使婦女更難擔任戰鬥角色。

In Army Ranger school, Emelie Vanasse once sat in a dugout covered by a poncho as rain poured down, shivering so hard her whole body cramped up. She strapped on a rucksack that weighed over 100 pounds and climbed a mountain. Deep in the middle of the woods, she hallucinated a donut shop.

在陸軍遊騎兵學校，埃米莉·瓦納斯（Emelie Vanasse）曾經坐在雨水倒下時坐在一個被雨披的獨木舟上坐著，她的整個身體都很艱難，整個身體都陷入困境。她綁在一個重量超過100磅的背包上，爬上了一座山。在樹林中間，她幻覺了一家甜甜圈店。

When Capt. Kristen Griest and 1st Lt. Shaye Haver became the first women to complete Ranger training in 2015, Vanasse had taped their pictures above her desk.

當克里斯汀·格雷斯特上尉和第一中尉沙耶·哈弗（Shaye Haver）成為2015年首次完成遊俠訓練的女性時，瓦納斯（Vanasse）將照片錄製在她的桌子上。

“I’m next,” she used to tell herself. “It’s going to be me.”

“我下一個。”她曾經告訴自己。 “這將是我。”

Less than two years later, she woke up at 3 a.m., shaved her head — one-quarter inch all around — and drove to Camp Rogers, Georgia, to endure 62 days crawling through mud, rappelling down mountainsides and leading fellow soldiers in training raids and ambushes while hungry and sleep-deprived. She graduated with another woman as the fourth and fifth female Rangers in the Army’s 249-year history.

不到兩年後，她在凌晨3點醒來，剃了頭 - 四分之一英寸 - 到處都是四分之一英寸 - 並驅車前往佐治亞州羅傑斯營地，忍受62天的62天爬過泥土，在山上奔跑，騎山脈和領先的士兵在訓練突襲和伏擊中，並在飢餓和睡眠不足的情況下進行訓練和伏擊。她與另一名婦女畢業，成為陸軍249年曆史上的第四和第五女遊騎兵。

Today, 160 women have earned their Ranger tabs, and the debate over whether women should serve in combat positions alongside men is generally considered settled.

如今，有160名婦女贏得了遊騎兵的標籤，並且人們普遍認為，關於婦女是否應該在戰鬥位置任職的辯論通常被認為是定居的。

Or it had been, until very recently.

還是直到最近。

Last month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth ordered the military to reexamine the physical fitness standards and how they have changed since January 2015. The month before that, he fired the former Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti without giving a reason, leaving the military without a single female four-star officer. Acting Homeland Security Secretary Benjamine Huffman fired the only other four-star woman, former Coast Guard Commandant Adm. Linda Fagan, on Inauguration Day.

上個月，國防部長皮特·海格斯（Pete Hegseth）命令軍方重新檢查身體健身標準以及自2015年1月以來的變化。前一個月，他解雇了前海軍行動局長麗莎·弗蘭切蒂（Lisa Franchetti），麗莎·弗蘭切蒂（Lisa Franchetti）沒有理由，使軍隊沒有一名女性四星級軍官。代理國土安全部長本傑明·霍夫曼（Benjamine Huffman）在就職典禮那天解雇了唯一的其他四星級婦女，前海岸警衛隊指揮官琳達·法根（Linda Fagan）。

Hegseth’s mission to return the Pentagon’s focus to a “warrior ethos” has seen the elimination of groups that worked to remove unequal barriers to service and the erasure of women and other minority groups’ accomplishments from Defense Department websites.

赫格斯（Hegseth）的使命是將五角大樓的重點歸還給“戰士精神”（Warrior Stos），從而消除了努力消除不平等障礙的團體，以及從國防部網站上刪除婦女和其他少數群體的成就。

And on Thursday, the secretary took the unusual step of removing all current members of the Pentagon’s independent advisory committees — including the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Service, one of the oldest, known by its acronym, DACOWITS. The committee has been a standard-bearer for women’s integration into the military, advising secretaries of both parties on every issue surrounding women in the military dating back to the Truman administration. For decades, it advocated to allow women to serve in combat roles.

週四，秘書採取了不尋常的步驟，以刪除五角大樓獨立諮詢委員會的所有現任成員，包括服務中的國防諮詢委員會，其中最古老的婦女之一，以其首字母縮寫為Dacowits。該委員會一直是婦女融入軍隊的標準師，並向雙方的秘書諮詢有關婦女在杜魯門政府的軍事中的每個問題。幾十年來，它主張允許婦女擔任戰鬥角色。

Advocates for women in the military worry the move signals Hegseth may be looking to appoint committee members who agree with him — in the past, he has been vocal that women are not suited to serve in combat.

軍隊中婦女的擁護者擔心此舉信號赫格斯可能希望任命同意他的委員會成員 - 過去，他一直在聲音，因為婦女不適合在戰鬥中服役。

“We’ve been in combat. We’ve been in combat since Deborah Sampson and the Revolutionary War,” said Octavia Harris, a retired Navy command master chief who served on the committee until last week. “By virtue of just being a woman in the military, you know you’re going to have to prove yourself time and time again.”

“我們一直在戰鬥。自從黛博拉·桑普森（Deborah Sampson）和革命戰爭以來，我們就一直在戰鬥中，”退休的海軍指揮大師校長奧克特維亞·哈里斯（Octavia Harris）說，他曾在委員會任職，直到上週為止。 “由於僅僅是一名在軍隊中的女人，您知道您將不得不一次又一次地證明自己。”

Related | Pentagon orders military to scrub websites of ‘diversity’ content

相關|五角大樓命令軍事擦洗“多樣性”內容的網站

It’s now been a decade since the military opened combat roles to women, and thousands of women have served in those positions. Women make up nearly 20 percent of the total military, and surveys of active duty troops have shown that men who serve alongside women tend to support a fully gender-integrated military. Even the Marine Corps — which long pushed back against integrating its recruit training — has begun graduating mixed-gender battalions.

自從軍方向婦女開展戰鬥角色以來已經有十年了，成千上萬的婦女在這些職位上服役。婦女佔總軍隊的近20％，現役軍人的調查表明，與婦女一起服役的男性往往支持完全融合性別的軍隊。即使是海軍陸戰隊（長期以來一直反對整合其新兵訓練），也已經開始畢業的混合性別營。

Even as questions swirl around Hegseth’s future, people who have been involved in women’s integration in the military worry that reopening this debate means the Pentagon may look for more ways to limit women’s ability to serve in an equal capacity to men — and could kneecap its ability to recruit its next generation of soldiers, sailors and airmen.

即使問題圍繞著赫格斯的未來旋轉，曾參與婦女融入軍事的人們擔心重新開始這場辯論的人意味著五角大樓可能會尋找更多的方法來限制婦女以均等能力為男性服務的能力 - 並且可以肯定其招募其下一代士兵，水手和航空公司的能力。

“What if those people happen to be some of the best and brightest and most innovative and lethal warriors for tomorrow’s generation of servants, and we lose them because they don’t see that this is a place where they are going to be wanted or valued?” said Samantha Weeks, the first female solo pilot on the Air Force’s Thunderbirds demonstration flight team and a former member of the committee. “What does that do to our country?”

“如果這些人碰巧是明天一代僕人的最佳，最聰明，最具創新性和致命的戰士怎麼辦，而我們失去了他們，因為他們不認為這是一個要被想要或重視的地方？”薩曼莎·週（Samantha Weeks）說，這是空軍雷鳥示威飛行隊的第一位女性獨奏飛行員，也是該委員會的前成員。 “這對我們的國家有什麼作用？”

A seven-decade legacy

十年的遺產

During World War II, some 400,000 women served in the military, in each branch’s women’s corps. In 1948, Harry Truman signed the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act, which permitted women to join the military alongside men.

在第二次世界大戰期間，每個分支機構的婦女軍中約有40萬名婦女在軍隊中服役。 1948年，哈里·杜魯門（Harry Truman）簽署了《婦女武裝服務融合法》，該法案允許婦女與男子一起加入軍隊。

Three years later, then-Defense Secretary George Marshall established the committee to help him better recruit women into the military. In the nearly 75 years since, the committee has worked on everything from lifting the

三年後，當時的國防部長喬治·馬歇爾（George Marshall）成立了委員會，以幫助他更好地招募婦女招募軍隊。從那以後的近75年中，委員會從提升