最近的一系列国防部决策可能会使妇女更难担任战斗角色。

由Sonner Kehrt，19号战马

A series of recent Department of Defense decisions could make it harder for women to serve in combat roles.

最近的一系列国防部决策可能会使妇女更难担任战斗角色。

In Army Ranger school, Emelie Vanasse once sat in a dugout covered by a poncho as rain poured down, shivering so hard her whole body cramped up. She strapped on a rucksack that weighed over 100 pounds and climbed a mountain. Deep in the middle of the woods, she hallucinated a donut shop.

在陆军游骑兵学校，埃米莉·瓦纳斯（Emelie Vanasse）曾经坐在雨水倒下时坐在一个被雨披的独木舟上坐着，她的整个身体都很艰难，整个身体都陷入困境。她绑在一个重量超过100磅的背包上，爬上了一座山。在树林中间，她幻觉了一家甜甜圈店。

When Capt. Kristen Griest and 1st Lt. Shaye Haver became the first women to complete Ranger training in 2015, Vanasse had taped their pictures above her desk.

当克里斯汀·格雷斯特上尉和第一中尉沙耶·哈弗（Shaye Haver）成为2015年首次完成游侠训练的女性时，瓦纳斯（Vanasse）将照片录制在她的桌子上。

“I’m next,” she used to tell herself. “It’s going to be me.”

“我下一个。”她曾经告诉自己。 “这将是我。”

Less than two years later, she woke up at 3 a.m., shaved her head — one-quarter inch all around — and drove to Camp Rogers, Georgia, to endure 62 days crawling through mud, rappelling down mountainsides and leading fellow soldiers in training raids and ambushes while hungry and sleep-deprived. She graduated with another woman as the fourth and fifth female Rangers in the Army’s 249-year history.

不到两年后，她在凌晨3点醒来，剃了头 - 四分之一英寸 - 到处都是四分之一英寸 - 并驱车前往佐治亚州罗杰斯营地，忍受62天的62天爬过泥土，在山上奔跑，骑山脉和领先的士兵在训练突袭和伏击中，并在饥饿和睡眠不足的情况下进行训练和伏击。她与另一名妇女毕业，成为陆军249年历史上的第四和第五女游骑兵。

Today, 160 women have earned their Ranger tabs, and the debate over whether women should serve in combat positions alongside men is generally considered settled.

如今，有160名妇女赢得了游骑兵的标签，并且人们普遍认为，关于妇女是否应该在战斗位置任职的辩论通常被认为是定居的。

Or it had been, until very recently.

还是直到最近。

Last month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth ordered the military to reexamine the physical fitness standards and how they have changed since January 2015. The month before that, he fired the former Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti without giving a reason, leaving the military without a single female four-star officer. Acting Homeland Security Secretary Benjamine Huffman fired the only other four-star woman, former Coast Guard Commandant Adm. Linda Fagan, on Inauguration Day.

上个月，国防部长皮特·海格斯（Pete Hegseth）命令军方重新检查身体健身标准以及自2015年1月以来的变化。前一个月，他解雇了前海军行动局长丽莎·弗兰切蒂（Lisa Franchetti），丽莎·弗兰切蒂（Lisa Franchetti）没有理由，使军队没有一名女性四星级军官。代理国土安全部长本杰明·霍夫曼（Benjamine Huffman）在就职典礼那天解雇了唯一的其他四星级妇女，前海岸警卫队指挥官琳达·法根（Linda Fagan）。

Hegseth’s mission to return the Pentagon’s focus to a “warrior ethos” has seen the elimination of groups that worked to remove unequal barriers to service and the erasure of women and other minority groups’ accomplishments from Defense Department websites.

赫格斯（Hegseth）的使命是将五角大楼的重点归还给“战士精神”（Warrior Stos），从而消除了努力消除不平等障碍的团体，以及从国防部网站上删除妇女和其他少数群体的成就。

And on Thursday, the secretary took the unusual step of removing all current members of the Pentagon’s independent advisory committees — including the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Service, one of the oldest, known by its acronym, DACOWITS. The committee has been a standard-bearer for women’s integration into the military, advising secretaries of both parties on every issue surrounding women in the military dating back to the Truman administration. For decades, it advocated to allow women to serve in combat roles.

周四，秘书采取了不寻常的步骤，以删除五角大楼独立咨询委员会的所有现任成员，包括服务中的国防咨询委员会，其中最古老的妇女之一，以其首字母缩写为Dacowits。该委员会一直是妇女融入军队的标准师，并向双方的秘书咨询有关妇女在杜鲁门政府的军事中的每个问题。几十年来，它主张允许妇女担任战斗角色。

Advocates for women in the military worry the move signals Hegseth may be looking to appoint committee members who agree with him — in the past, he has been vocal that women are not suited to serve in combat.

军队中妇女的拥护者担心此举信号赫格斯可能希望任命同意他的委员会成员 - 过去，他一直在声音，因为妇女不适合在战斗中服役。

“We’ve been in combat. We’ve been in combat since Deborah Sampson and the Revolutionary War,” said Octavia Harris, a retired Navy command master chief who served on the committee until last week. “By virtue of just being a woman in the military, you know you’re going to have to prove yourself time and time again.”

“我们一直在战斗。自从黛博拉·桑普森（Deborah Sampson）和革命战争以来，我们就一直在战斗中，”退休的海军指挥大师校长奥克特维亚·哈里斯（Octavia Harris）说，他曾在委员会任职，直到上周为止。 “由于仅仅是一名在军队中的女人，您知道您将不得不一次又一次地证明自己。”

Related | Pentagon orders military to scrub websites of ‘diversity’ content

相关|五角大楼命令军事擦洗“多样性”内容的网站

It’s now been a decade since the military opened combat roles to women, and thousands of women have served in those positions. Women make up nearly 20 percent of the total military, and surveys of active duty troops have shown that men who serve alongside women tend to support a fully gender-integrated military. Even the Marine Corps — which long pushed back against integrating its recruit training — has begun graduating mixed-gender battalions.

自从军方向妇女开展战斗角色以来已经有十年了，成千上万的妇女在这些职位上服役。妇女占总军队的近20％，现役军人的调查表明，与妇女一起服役的男性往往支持完全融合性别的军队。即使是海军陆战队（长期以来一直反对整合其新兵训练），也已经开始毕业的混合性别营。

Even as questions swirl around Hegseth’s future, people who have been involved in women’s integration in the military worry that reopening this debate means the Pentagon may look for more ways to limit women’s ability to serve in an equal capacity to men — and could kneecap its ability to recruit its next generation of soldiers, sailors and airmen.

即使问题围绕着赫格斯的未来旋转，曾参与妇女融入军事的人们担心重新开始这场辩论的人意味着五角大楼可能会寻找更多的方法来限制妇女以均等能力为男性服务的能力 - 并且可以肯定其招募其下一代士兵，水手和航空公司的能力。

“What if those people happen to be some of the best and brightest and most innovative and lethal warriors for tomorrow’s generation of servants, and we lose them because they don’t see that this is a place where they are going to be wanted or valued?” said Samantha Weeks, the first female solo pilot on the Air Force’s Thunderbirds demonstration flight team and a former member of the committee. “What does that do to our country?”

“如果这些人碰巧是明天一代仆人的最佳，最聪明，最具创新性和致命的战士怎么办，而我们失去了他们，因为他们不认为这是一个要被想要或重视的地方？”萨曼莎·周（Samantha Weeks）说，这是空军雷鸟示威飞行队的第一位女性独奏飞行员，也是该委员会的前成员。 “这对我们的国家有什么作用？”

A seven-decade legacy

十年的遗产

During World War II, some 400,000 women served in the military, in each branch’s women’s corps. In 1948, Harry Truman signed the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act, which permitted women to join the military alongside men.

在第二次世界大战期间，每个分支机构的妇女军中约有40万名妇女在军队中服役。 1948年，哈里·杜鲁门（Harry Truman）签署了《妇女武装服务融合法》，该法案允许妇女与男子一起加入军队。

Three years later, then-Defense Secretary George Marshall established the committee to help him better recruit women into the military. In the nearly 75 years since, the committee has worked on everything from lifting the

三年后，当时的国防部长乔治·马歇尔（George Marshall）成立了委员会，以帮助他更好地招募妇女招募军队。从那以后的近75年中，委员会从提升