中本聰可能在 2009 年對比特幣發動了 51% 挖礦攻擊

新研究表明，假名比特幣 (BTC) 創建者中本聰可能在網路存在的第一年就發起了 51% 挖礦攻擊。

A 51% mining attack on the Bitcoin BTC network is an exploit by any entity or group that controls more than 50% of the network. Such high control gives the entity the liberty to alter the blockchain.

對比特幣 BTC 網路的 51% 挖礦攻擊是由控制超過 50% 網路的任何實體或團體發動的攻擊。如此高的控制權使實體可以自由地改變區塊鏈。

Recent speculation rose after an in-depth data review of 2009 blocks mined by “Patoshi.” Patoshi is a nickname given to a frequent miner who embedded a non-standard use of ExtraNonce within Coinbase transaction data. The review showed that hash power was likely used to reorganize Bitcoin’s blockchain.

在對「Patoshi」開採的 2009 年區塊進行深入數據審查後，最近的猜測有所增加。 Patoshi 是給頻繁礦工起的暱稱，他在 Coinbase 交易資料中嵌入了 ExtraNonce 的非標準使用。審查顯示，哈希能力很可能被用來重組比特幣的區塊鏈。

According to the explanation offered by Bitcoin historian Pete Rizzo, Patoshi periodically took breaks from mining. Whenever this happened, it was discovered that their computer restart was “so powerful that the miner [Patoshi] simply overwrote blocks found by other miners in their [Patoshi's] absence.”

根據比特幣歷史學家皮特·里佐（Pete Rizzo）提供的解釋，帕托什（Patoshi）定期停止挖礦。每當這種情況發生時，人們發現他們的電腦重新啟動“非常強大，以至於礦工 [Patoshi] 簡單地覆蓋了其他礦工在他們 [Patoshi] 不在時發現的區塊。”

This sounds like a 51% attack in which an entity tries to overthrow miners and gain control of new transaction confirmation. Unfortunately, no other miner could complete enough hashing work to prevent them from returning and taking back control during Patoshi's break from mining.

這聽起來像是 51% 攻擊，其中實體試圖推翻礦工並獲得新交易確認的控制權。不幸的是，沒有其他礦工能夠完成足夠的哈希工作來阻止他們在 Patoshi 停止挖礦期間返回並奪回控制權。

On the flip side, a few observers in the crypto community have reasons to think Patoshi and Satoshi Nakamoto are the same person. For perspective, both entities were actively mining Bitcoin in 2009. At this time, it was likely that only Satoshi Nakamoto owned the computer connected to the network.

另一方面，加密社群的一些觀察家有理由認為 Patoshi 和中本聰是同一個人。從長遠來看，這兩個實體在 2009 年都在積極開採比特幣。

Another detailed study by Wicked Smart Bitcoin suggests that Patoshi probably conducted a 51% mining attack in 2009. Wicked's research builds on earlier work by Sergio Demian Lerner.

Wicked Smart Bitcoin 的另一項詳細研究表明，Patoshi 可能在 2009 年進行了 51% 挖礦攻擊。

It is worth noting that this suspected 51% attack from 2009 was not initiated for financial gains but as a stress test.

值得注意的是，這次疑似2009年的51%攻擊並不是為了經濟利益而發動的，而是作為壓力測試。

This is because BTC had no value at the time. One could say that the term “51% attack” is a poor categorization of the event.

這是因為比特幣當時沒有價值。有人可能會說，「51% 攻擊」一詞對事件的分類很糟糕。

“While Satoshi shepherded Bitcoin through its first year of existence, it looks like he may have conducted some real-world stress tests such as the reorgs in May 2009 and purposefully orchestrated downward difficulty adjustment in May 2010,” Wicked stated. “None of these acts seemed malicious in nature but were rather to check the integrity and robustness of the system he had built.”

「雖然中本聰帶領比特幣度過了它存在的第一年，但看起來他可能已經進行了一些現實世界的壓力測試，例如2009 年5 月的重組，並有目的地精心策劃了2010 年5 月的難度下調，」Wicked 表示。 “這些行為本質上看起來都不是惡意的，而是為了檢查他所構建的系統的完整性和穩健性。”

While the veracity of Satoshi Nakamoto's 51% attack on Bitcoin has yet to be established, crypto analytics firm Coin Metrics already stated that a recurrence is not likely.

雖然中本聰對比特幣進行 51% 攻擊的真實性尚未確定，但加密分析公司 Coin Metrics 已經表示不太可能再次發生。

In February, the firm published the results of its research, noting that it won't be viable for nation-states to conduct 51% attacks on the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains any further.

今年 2 月，該公司發布了研究結果，指出民族國家無法再對比特幣和以太坊區塊鏈進行 51% 攻擊。

Coin Metrics cited the astronomical costs of conducting such attacks, adding that they are not viable. This season, it estimated that orchestrating a 51% attack on Bitcoin would require a massive 7 million ASIC mining rigs, amounting to an estimated cost of around $20 billion.

Coin Metrics 指出進行此類攻擊的成本是天文數字，並補充說它們是不可行的。本季度，據估計，策劃對比特幣的 51% 攻擊將需要大量 700 萬台 ASIC 礦機，預計成本約為 200 億美元。