中本聪可能在 2009 年对比特币发起了 51% 挖矿攻击

新研究表明，假名比特币 (BTC) 创建者中本聪可能在网络存在的第一年就发起了 51% 挖矿攻击。

A 51% mining attack on the Bitcoin BTC network is an exploit by any entity or group that controls more than 50% of the network. Such high control gives the entity the liberty to alter the blockchain.

对比特币 BTC 网络的 51% 挖矿攻击是由控制超过 50% 网络的任何实体或团体发起的攻击。如此高的控制权使实体可以自由地改变区块链。

Recent speculation rose after an in-depth data review of 2009 blocks mined by “Patoshi.” Patoshi is a nickname given to a frequent miner who embedded a non-standard use of ExtraNonce within Coinbase transaction data. The review showed that hash power was likely used to reorganize Bitcoin’s blockchain.

在对“Patoshi”开采的 2009 年区块进行深入数据审查后，最近的猜测有所增加。 Patoshi 是给频繁矿工起的昵称，他在 Coinbase 交易数据中嵌入了 ExtraNonce 的非标准使用。审查显示，哈希能力很可能被用来重组比特币的区块链。

According to the explanation offered by Bitcoin historian Pete Rizzo, Patoshi periodically took breaks from mining. Whenever this happened, it was discovered that their computer restart was “so powerful that the miner [Patoshi] simply overwrote blocks found by other miners in their [Patoshi's] absence.”

根据比特币历史学家皮特·里佐（Pete Rizzo）提供的解释，帕托什（Patoshi）定期停止挖矿。每当这种情况发生时，人们发现他们的计算机重新启动“非常强大，以至于矿工 [Patoshi] 简单地覆盖了其他矿工在他们 [Patoshi] 不在时发现的区块。”

This sounds like a 51% attack in which an entity tries to overthrow miners and gain control of new transaction confirmation. Unfortunately, no other miner could complete enough hashing work to prevent them from returning and taking back control during Patoshi's break from mining.

这听起来像是 51% 攻击，其中实体试图推翻矿工并获得新交易确认的控制权。不幸的是，没有其他矿工能够完成足够的哈希工作来阻止他们在 Patoshi 停止挖矿期间返回并夺回控制权。

On the flip side, a few observers in the crypto community have reasons to think Patoshi and Satoshi Nakamoto are the same person. For perspective, both entities were actively mining Bitcoin in 2009. At this time, it was likely that only Satoshi Nakamoto owned the computer connected to the network.

另一方面，加密社区的一些观察家有理由认为 Patoshi 和中本聪是同一个人。从长远来看，这两个实体在 2009 年都在积极开采比特币。此时，很可能只有中本聪拥有连接到网络的计算机。

Another detailed study by Wicked Smart Bitcoin suggests that Patoshi probably conducted a 51% mining attack in 2009. Wicked's research builds on earlier work by Sergio Demian Lerner.

Wicked Smart Bitcoin 的另一项详细研究表明，Patoshi 可能在 2009 年进行了 51% 挖矿攻击。Wicked 的研究建立在 Sergio Demian Lerner 早期工作的基础上。

It is worth noting that this suspected 51% attack from 2009 was not initiated for financial gains but as a stress test.

值得注意的是，这次疑似2009年的51%攻击并不是为了经济利益而发起的，而是作为压力测试。

This is because BTC had no value at the time. One could say that the term “51% attack” is a poor categorization of the event.

这是因为比特币当时没有价值。有人可能会说，“51% 攻击”这一术语对该事件的分类很糟糕。

“While Satoshi shepherded Bitcoin through its first year of existence, it looks like he may have conducted some real-world stress tests such as the reorgs in May 2009 and purposefully orchestrated downward difficulty adjustment in May 2010,” Wicked stated. “None of these acts seemed malicious in nature but were rather to check the integrity and robustness of the system he had built.”

“虽然中本聪带领比特币度过了它存在的第一年，但看起来他可能已经进行了一些现实世界的压力测试，例如 2009 年 5 月的重组，并有目的地精心策划了 2010 年 5 月的难度下调，”Wicked 表示。 “这些行为本质上看起来都不是恶意的，而是为了检查他所构建的系统的完整性和稳健性。”

While the veracity of Satoshi Nakamoto's 51% attack on Bitcoin has yet to be established, crypto analytics firm Coin Metrics already stated that a recurrence is not likely.

虽然中本聪对比特币进行 51% 攻击的真实性尚未确定，但加密分析公司 Coin Metrics 已经表示不太可能再次发生。

In February, the firm published the results of its research, noting that it won't be viable for nation-states to conduct 51% attacks on the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains any further.

今年 2 月，该公司发布了研究结果，指出民族国家无法再对比特币和以太坊区块链进行 51% 攻击。

Coin Metrics cited the astronomical costs of conducting such attacks, adding that they are not viable. This season, it estimated that orchestrating a 51% attack on Bitcoin would require a massive 7 million ASIC mining rigs, amounting to an estimated cost of around $20 billion.

Coin Metrics 指出进行此类攻击的成本是天文数字，并补充说它们是不可行的。本季度，据估计，策划对比特币的 51% 攻击将需要大量 700 万台 ASIC 矿机，预计成本约为 200 亿美元。