烏茲別克斯坦的一個非凡的考古發現有可能改變土耳其文明的早期歷史

據信可以追溯到六世紀末或七世紀初的銅幣在塔什肯特附近發現了，上面寫著“ Turk-Kagan”一詞。

A remarkable archaeological finding in Uzbekistan could rewrite the early history of Turkic civilization. A bronze coin unearthed in Uzbekistan and believed to date back to the late sixth or early seventh century has been discovered with the phrase "Turk-Kagan" inscribed on it.

烏茲別克斯坦的一個非凡的考古發現可以改寫突厥文明的早期歷史。在烏茲別克斯坦發掘出來的銅幣，可以追溯到六世紀末或七世紀初，已經發現了上面刻有“ Turk-Kagan”的短語。

This coin, which may belong to the Western Gokturk Khaganate, is significant as it pushes back the known use of the term "Turk" by over a century. The finding was exclusively shared with Türkiye's national broadcaster TRT Haber by Professor Gaybulla Babayarov from the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences.

這種硬幣可能屬於西方的戈特爾克·哈加納特（Gokturk Khaganate），這很重要，因為它推遲了一個多世紀以來已知的“土耳其人”一詞的使用。這一發現僅與烏茲別克斯坦科學院的Gaybulla Babayarov教授與Türkiye的國家廣播公司TRT Haber共享。

According to Professor Babayarov, the coin was found among the remains of an ancient settlement near modern-day Tashkent, in the historic region of Cach. The coin's inscriptions are in Sogdian, an Eastern Iranian language that was used in pre-Islamic Central Asia.

根據巴巴亞羅夫教授的說法，在卡赫歷史悠久的地區，這枚硬幣是在現代塔什肯特附近的一個古老定居點的遺體中發現的。硬幣的銘文是用蘇格迪安（Sogdian），這是一種在伊斯蘭前中亞使用的伊朗東部語言。

One of the coin's inscriptions reads "Kagan," a title used by rulers of the Western Gokturk Khaganate, while another reads "Turk," which is a direct translation of the Chinese term used in Chinese sources to denote the Gokturks.

硬幣的銘文之一是“ Kagan”，這是西方Gokturk Khaganate的統治者使用的標題，而另一個則寫著“ Turk”，這是中文在中文術語中的直接翻譯，用來表示Gokturks。

“This discovery provides not only linguistic but also political and ethnic evidence of an early Turkic identity,” said Babayarov. “This is the first time the term ‘Turk-Kagan’ has appeared on coinage, and it likely marks the earliest surviving physical mention of the word ‘Turk’.”

Babayarov說：“這一發現不僅提供了語言學，而且提供了早期的土耳其人身份的政治和種族證據。” “這是'Turk-kagan'一詞首次出現在造幣上，這很可能標誌著最早尚存的物理提及'turk'一詞。”

This coin is a significant addition to the known types of Western Gokturk coins. More than 20 types of coins attributed to the Western Gokturk Khaganate have now been identified, with a few bearing titles such as Jabgu, Cabgu-Kagan, and Kagan.

該硬幣是已知類型的Western Gokturk硬幣類型的重要補充。現在已經確定了歸因於西方戈克圖爾克·哈加納酸鹽的20多種硬幣，並帶有一些軸承標題，例如Jabgu，Cabgu-Kagan和Kagan。

However, two specific coins found in Tashkent include the uniquely significant term "Turk-Kagan," placing their origins in the second half of the sixth century A.D., around 580–610 A.D.

但是，塔什肯特（Tashkent）中發現的兩個特定的硬幣包括獨特的術語“ Turk-Kagan”，將其起源放在公元六世紀下半年，約580 - 610年。

One of the most pressing questions around this discovery is who the coin belonged to. Professor Babayarov suggests it may have been minted under the authority of descendants of Istemi Kagan, one of the founding figures of the Western Gokturk Khaganate who governed parts of the Fergana Valley.

關於這一發現的最緊迫的問題之一是硬幣屬於誰。 Babayarov教授認為，它可能是在Istemi Kagan後代的權威下被鑄造的，Istemi Kagan是統治Fergana山谷部分地區的西方Gokturk Khaganate的創始人物之一。

“The coin’s dating corresponds to the period just after the Gokturk state was established,” he explains. “It may well belong to a local branch of Istemi Kagan’s family, possibly one of his grandsons administering the Fergana region.”

他解釋說：“硬幣的約會對應於建立戈克圖爾克州之後的時期。” “這很可能屬於Istemi Kagan家族的當地分支，這可能是他管理Fergana地區的孫子之一。”

The coin’s features—including its dimensions, metal content, and iconography—differentiate it from later Western Gokturk coins, marking it as a product of the earlier Yabgu period of governance before the Khaganate fully matured.

硬幣的特徵（包括其尺寸，金屬含量和圖像學）與後來的Gokturk硬幣差異化，將其標記為較早的Yabgu時期在Khaganate完全成熟之前的Yabgu時期。

This finding is also noteworthy for pushing back the timeline of the word ‘Turk’ by 150 years. Until now, historians believed the earliest appearance of the term “Turk-Kagan” was in the Orkhon inscriptions erected in the early eighth century in Mongolia by Kultegin and Bilge Kagan.

這一發現也值得注意的是，將“ Turk”一詞的時間表推遲了150年。到目前為止，歷史學家認為，“ Turk-Kagan”一詞的最早出現在Orkhon銘文中，在八世紀初在蒙古，由Kultegin和Bilge Kagan豎立。

“This coin offers the earliest tangible evidence of the ethnonym ‘Turk’,” Babayarov noted. “It may force us to reconsider the timeline of Turkic identity and its recorded use in political contexts.”

巴巴亞羅夫指出：“這種硬幣提供了最早的民族名義'turk'的證據。” “這可能迫使我們重新考慮在政治背景下的土耳其人身份的時間表及其記錄的使用。”

Previously, the Chinese had used phrases such as “Tu-jüe Ko-han” in their chronicles, which translates to “Turk-Kagan,” but this coin marks the earliest indigenous documentation.

以前，中國人在編年史中使用了諸如“ Tu-JüeKo-Han”之類的短語，該短語轉化為“ Turk-Kagan”，但這是最早的土著文件。

Another lasting implication of this coin is its impact on the prevailing academic narrative that the Gokturks were purely nomadic and had little need for a coin-based economy.

這種硬幣的另一個持久含義是它對戈克托克斯純粹是游牧的現行學術敘事的影響，對基於硬幣的經濟幾乎不需要。

“This discovery challenges the traditional image of the Gokturks as nomads. It shows they had urban settlements, a ruling elite, and even monetary circulation,” Babayarov explained.

Babayarov解釋說：“這一發現挑戰了Gokturks的傳統形象。

The fact that similar coins have also been discovered recently in the Fergana Valley suggests a much wider regional influence of the Western Gokturk Khaganate and a more complex socio-economic structure than previously thought.

最近在費爾加納山谷（Fergana Valley）最近發現了類似的硬幣的事實表明，西方戈克圖爾克·哈加納酸鹽（Gokturk Khaganate）和更複雜的社會經濟結構的區域影響比以前想像的更為複雜。

As more coins bearing similar inscriptions continue to surface in Central Asia, particularly around Tashkent and Fergana, the geographical spread and political organization of early Turkic states are being re-evaluated.

隨著越來越多的銘文在中亞，尤其是塔什肯特（Tashkent）和費爾加納（Fergana）附近繼續浮出水面，早期土耳其國家的地理傳播和政治組織正在重新評估。