乌兹别克斯坦的一个非凡的考古发现有可能改变土耳其文明的早期历史

据信可以追溯到六世纪末或七世纪初的铜币在塔什肯特附近发现了，上面写着“ Turk-Kagan”一词。

A remarkable archaeological finding in Uzbekistan could rewrite the early history of Turkic civilization. A bronze coin unearthed in Uzbekistan and believed to date back to the late sixth or early seventh century has been discovered with the phrase "Turk-Kagan" inscribed on it.

乌兹别克斯坦的一个非凡的考古发现可以改写突厥文明的早期历史。在乌兹别克斯坦发掘出来的铜币，可以追溯到六世纪末或七世纪初，已经发现了上面刻有“ Turk-Kagan”的短语。

This coin, which may belong to the Western Gokturk Khaganate, is significant as it pushes back the known use of the term "Turk" by over a century. The finding was exclusively shared with Türkiye's national broadcaster TRT Haber by Professor Gaybulla Babayarov from the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences.

这种硬币可能属于西方的戈特尔克·哈加纳特（Gokturk Khaganate），这很重要，因为它推迟了一个多世纪以来已知的“土耳其人”一词的使用。这一发现仅与乌兹别克斯坦科学院的盖布拉·巴巴亚罗夫（Gaybulla Babayarov）教授与Türkiye的国家广播公司TRT Haber共享。

According to Professor Babayarov, the coin was found among the remains of an ancient settlement near modern-day Tashkent, in the historic region of Cach. The coin's inscriptions are in Sogdian, an Eastern Iranian language that was used in pre-Islamic Central Asia.

根据巴巴亚罗夫教授的说法，在卡赫历史悠久的地区，这枚硬币是在现代塔什肯特附近的一个古老定居点的遗体中发现的。硬币的铭文是用苏格迪安（Sogdian），这是一种在伊斯兰前中亚使用的伊朗东部语言。

One of the coin's inscriptions reads "Kagan," a title used by rulers of the Western Gokturk Khaganate, while another reads "Turk," which is a direct translation of the Chinese term used in Chinese sources to denote the Gokturks.

硬币的铭文之一是“ Kagan”，这是西方Gokturk Khaganate的统治者使用的标题，而另一个则写着“ Turk”，这是中文在中文术语中的直接翻译，用来表示Gokturks。

“This discovery provides not only linguistic but also political and ethnic evidence of an early Turkic identity,” said Babayarov. “This is the first time the term ‘Turk-Kagan’ has appeared on coinage, and it likely marks the earliest surviving physical mention of the word ‘Turk’.”

Babayarov说：“这一发现不仅提供了语言学，而且提供了早期的土耳其人身份的政治和种族证据。” “这是'Turk-kagan'一词首次出现在造币上，这很可能标志着最早尚存的物理提及'turk'一词。”

This coin is a significant addition to the known types of Western Gokturk coins. More than 20 types of coins attributed to the Western Gokturk Khaganate have now been identified, with a few bearing titles such as Jabgu, Cabgu-Kagan, and Kagan.

该硬币是已知类型的Western Gokturk硬币类型的重要补充。现在已经确定了归因于西方戈克图尔克·哈加纳酸盐的20多种硬币，并带有一些轴承标题，例如Jabgu，Cabgu-Kagan和Kagan。

However, two specific coins found in Tashkent include the uniquely significant term "Turk-Kagan," placing their origins in the second half of the sixth century A.D., around 580–610 A.D.

但是，塔什肯特（Tashkent）中发现的两个特定的硬币包括独特的术语“ Turk-Kagan”，将其起源放在公元六世纪下半年，约580 - 610年。

One of the most pressing questions around this discovery is who the coin belonged to. Professor Babayarov suggests it may have been minted under the authority of descendants of Istemi Kagan, one of the founding figures of the Western Gokturk Khaganate who governed parts of the Fergana Valley.

关于这一发现的最紧迫的问题之一是硬币属于谁。 Babayarov教授认为，它可能是在Istemi Kagan后代的权威下被铸造的，Istemi Kagan是统治Fergana山谷部分地区的西方Gokturk Khaganate的创始人物之一。

“The coin’s dating corresponds to the period just after the Gokturk state was established,” he explains. “It may well belong to a local branch of Istemi Kagan’s family, possibly one of his grandsons administering the Fergana region.”

他解释说：“硬币的约会对应于建立戈克图尔克州之后的时期。” “这很可能属于Istemi Kagan家族的当地分支，这可能是他管理Fergana地区的孙子之一。”

The coin’s features—including its dimensions, metal content, and iconography—differentiate it from later Western Gokturk coins, marking it as a product of the earlier Yabgu period of governance before the Khaganate fully matured.

硬币的特征（包括其尺寸，金属含量和图像学）与后来的Gokturk硬币差异化，将其标记为较早的Yabgu时期在Khaganate完全成熟之前的Yabgu时期。

This finding is also noteworthy for pushing back the timeline of the word ‘Turk’ by 150 years. Until now, historians believed the earliest appearance of the term “Turk-Kagan” was in the Orkhon inscriptions erected in the early eighth century in Mongolia by Kultegin and Bilge Kagan.

这一发现也值得注意的是，将“ Turk”一词的时间表推迟了150年。到目前为止，历史学家认为，“ Turk-Kagan”一词的最早出现在Orkhon铭文中，在八世纪初在蒙古，由Kultegin和Bilge Kagan竖立。

“This coin offers the earliest tangible evidence of the ethnonym ‘Turk’,” Babayarov noted. “It may force us to reconsider the timeline of Turkic identity and its recorded use in political contexts.”

巴巴亚罗夫指出：“这种硬币提供了最早的民族名义'turk'的证据。” “这可能迫使我们重新考虑在政治背景下的土耳其人身份的时间表及其记录的使用。”

Previously, the Chinese had used phrases such as “Tu-jüe Ko-han” in their chronicles, which translates to “Turk-Kagan,” but this coin marks the earliest indigenous documentation.

以前，中国人在编年史中使用了诸如“ Tu-JüeKo-Han”之类的短语，该短语转化为“ Turk-Kagan”，但这是最早的土著文件。

Another lasting implication of this coin is its impact on the prevailing academic narrative that the Gokturks were purely nomadic and had little need for a coin-based economy.

这种硬币的另一个持久含义是它对戈克托克斯纯粹是游牧的现行学术叙事的影响，对基于硬币的经济几乎不需要。

“This discovery challenges the traditional image of the Gokturks as nomads. It shows they had urban settlements, a ruling elite, and even monetary circulation,” Babayarov explained.

Babayarov解释说：“这一发现挑战了Gokturks的传统形象。

The fact that similar coins have also been discovered recently in the Fergana Valley suggests a much wider regional influence of the Western Gokturk Khaganate and a more complex socio-economic structure than previously thought.

最近在费尔加纳山谷（Fergana Valley）最近发现了类似的硬币的事实表明，西方戈克图尔克·哈加纳酸盐（Gokturk Khaganate）和更复杂的社会经济结构的区域影响比以前想象的更为复杂。

As more coins bearing similar inscriptions continue to surface in Central Asia, particularly around Tashkent and Fergana, the geographical spread and political organization of early Turkic states are being re-evaluated.

随着越来越多的铭文在中亚，尤其是塔什肯特（Tashkent）和费尔加纳（Fergana）附近继续浮出水面，早期土耳其国家的地理传播和政治组织正在重新评估。