卡爾達諾開始過渡到基於代幣的治理系統

卡爾達諾區塊鏈已經完成了 Chang 硬分叉的第一階段，為更去中心化的治理奠定了基礎。倫敦時間週日晚上 10 點 44 分，卡爾達諾正式開始將價值 130 億美元的區塊鏈的控制權移交給其原生 ADA 代幣的持有者。

Cardano blockchain begins decentralisation drive

卡爾達諾區塊鏈開始去中心化驅動

The blockchain will transfer control to holders of its ADA token in a bid to become more democratic.

區塊鏈將把控制權轉移給 ADA 代幣的持有者，以變得更加民主。

The Cardano blockchain has begun its highly anticipated transition to decentralised governance, setting the stage for a new era of community-led decision-making.

卡爾達諾區塊鏈已經開始了備受期待的去中心化治理過渡，為社群主導決策的新時代奠定了基礎。

At 10.44 pm London time on Sunday, the blockchain officially started the process of transferring control of its $13 billion network to holders of its native ADA token.

倫敦時間週日晚上 10 點 44 分，區塊鏈正式開始將其 130 億美元網路的控制權移交給其原生 ADA 代幣的持有者。

According to Frederik Gregaard, CEO of the Cardano Foundation, many in the Cardano community gravitated toward the network because of its promise of a decentralised governance model.

卡爾達諾基金會執行長 Frederik Gregaard 表示，卡爾達諾社群中的許多人都被該網路所吸引，因為它承諾去中心化的治理模式。

“Every ADA holder can contribute to the ecosystem’s evolution,” Gregaard told DL News. “The community will collaborate, innovate, and govern by mutual agreement.”

「每個 ADA 持有者都可以為生態系統的發展做出貢獻，」Gregaard 告訴 DL News。 “社區將根據共同協議進行協作、創新和治理。”

Cardano is the first major blockchain to implement a token-based governance system, which it’s dubbing the era of Voltaire, after the French writer and free speech advocate.

卡爾達諾是第一個實施基於代幣的治理系統的主要區塊鏈，它以法國作家和言論自由倡導者的名字命名為「伏爾泰時代」。

The blockchain’s development was previously under the management of founder Charles Hoskinson’s blockchain engineering firm, Input Output Global, along with the Cardano Foundation and EMURGO, Cardano’s official commercial arm.

區塊鏈的開發先前由創始人 Charles Hoskinson 的區塊鏈工程公司 Input Output Global 以及 Cardano 基金會和 Cardano 官方商業部門 EMURGO 管理。

While many Cardano fans are celebrating the move, decentralisation can be a double-edged sword.

儘管許多卡爾達諾粉絲都在慶祝這一舉措，但去中心化可能是一把雙面刃。

A form of governance called decentralised autonomous organisations — or DAOs — have received criticism, with detractors saying many DAOs have excessive budgets, suffer from inadequate checks and balances, and end up controlled by a few powerful stakeholders.

一種稱為去中心化自治組織（DAO）的治理形式受到了批評，批評者稱許多 DAO 預算過多，制衡不足，最終被少數強大的利益相關者控制。

Cardano’s new governance is the latest example of a crypto project committing itself to the ideal of decentralisation.

卡爾達諾的新治理是加密貨幣計畫致力於去中心化理想的最新例子。

Why decentralise?

為什麼要去中心化？

“Without a central authority controlling the network, it is much harder for governments or corporations to censor information or transactions,” Florian Volery, co-founder of Liqwid Labs, the firm behind Cardano lending protocol Liqwid, told DL News.

卡爾達諾借貸協議Liqwid 背後的公司Liqwid Labs 的聯合創始人弗洛里安·沃萊裡(Florian Volery) 告訴DL News：「如果沒有中央機構控制網絡，政府或企業就很難審查資訊或交易。 」

Volery said this will make Cardano more attractive for institutions looking to dip their toes into decentralised finance — or DeFi.

Volery 表示，這將使卡爾達諾對於那些希望涉足去中心化金融（即 DeFi）的機構更具吸引力。

But there’s stiff competition. Ethereum, which hosts the biggest DeFi ecosystem, has attracted the likes of $9 trillion asset manager BlackRock, among others.

但競爭很激烈。以太坊擁有最大的 DeFi 生態系統，吸引了 9 兆美元資產管理公司貝萊德等公司的注意。

Pablo Bejarano, CEO of Cardano-based asset manager PBG, says Cardano’s move towards decentralised governance will highlight that other blockchains lack such a system.

卡爾達諾資產管理公司 PBG 的執行長 Pablo Bejarano 表示，卡爾達諾走向去中心化治理的舉措將凸顯其他區塊鏈缺乏這樣的系統。

On competing blockchains, ”decision-making is often centralised among a few players,” he told DL News.

他告訴 DL News，在競爭的區塊鏈上，「決策通常集中在少數參與者手中」。

Still, decentralised governance isn’t the only consideration.

不過，去中心化治理並不是唯一的考量。

Cardano only achieved smart contract functionality, the ability to create DeFi protocols on the blockchain, in 2021.

卡爾達諾直到 2021 年才實現了智能合約功能，即在區塊鏈上創建 DeFi 協議的能力。

It has also struggled with an Unspent Transaction Output — or UTXO — problem. Simply put, only a single user can interact with certain DeFi protocols, such as decentralised exchange liquidity pools, at any one time.

它還面臨著未花費的交易輸出（UTXO）問題。簡而言之，任何時候只有一個用戶可以與某些 DeFi 協定進行交互，例如去中心化交易所流動性池。

Other top blockchains, like Ethereum and Solana, don’t have this issue.

其他頂級區塊鏈，如以太坊和 Solana，沒有這個問題。

The UTXO problem causes transactions to fail when, for example, multiple users try to swap the same tokens on a decentralised exchange at the same time — a big problem for any blockchain intending to scale to millions of users.

例如，當多個用戶嘗試同時在去中心化交易所上交換相同的代幣時，UTXO 問題會導致交易失敗——這對於任何打算擴展到數百萬用戶的區塊鏈來說都是一個大問題。

Avoiding DAO woes

避免 DAO 問題

Although Cardano’s governance will become more decentralised, the network doesn’s want to be associated with actual DAOs and the problems that have befallen them.

儘管卡爾達諾的治理將變得更加去中心化，但該網路並不想與實際的 DAO 以及它們所面臨的問題聯繫起來。

“In a DAO, decisions are typically made by the governance token holders that vote on proposals, often with only few checks or balances,” Gregaard said.

Gregaard 表示：“在 DAO 中，決策通常由治理代幣持有者做出，他們對提案進行投票，通常很少進行製衡。”

Cardano’s new system of so-called DReps, community spokespeople who participate in voting on governance actions, will represent token holders.

卡爾達諾的新系統「DReps」（參與治理行動投票的社群發言人）將代表代幣持有者。

DReps will join a total of three cooperative legislative bodies — a tricameral model — to make decisions.

眾議院議員將加入總共三個合作立法機構（三院制模式）來做出決定。

That, Gregaard said, will ensure all important stakeholders have a voice and checks and balances are ensured.

格雷加德表示，這將確保所有重要利害關係人都有發言權，並確保制衡。

Still, actualising such a system is easier said than done.

儘管如此，要實現這樣一個系統說來容易做來難。

Involving thousands of ADA token holders, many of whom may not fully understand the new governance system, might invite disappointment that they don’t have the same kind of control over the project and its finances that members of a DAO do.

涉及數千名 ADA 代幣持有者，其中許多人可能不完全理解新的治理系統，可能會因他們無法像 DAO 成員那樣對專案及其財務擁有相同的控制權而感到失望。

Although the Chang hard fork has kicked off, Cardano’s transition to decentralised governance isn’t complete just yet.

儘管Chang硬分叉已經啟動，但卡爾達諾向去中心化治理的過渡尚未完成。

A second upgrade will unlock the final features of governance later this year.

第二次升級將在今年稍後解鎖治理的最終功能。

Tim Craig is DL News’ Edinburgh-based DeFi Correspondent. Reach out with tips at tim@dlnews.com.

Tim Craig 是 DL News 駐愛丁堡的 DeFi 記者。請透過 tim@dlnews.com 取得提示。