卡尔达诺开始过渡到基于代币的治理系统

卡尔达诺区块链已经完成了 Chang 硬分叉的第一阶段，为更加去中心化的治理奠定了基础。伦敦时间周日晚上 10 点 44 分，卡尔达诺正式开始将价值 130 亿美元的区块链的控制权移交给其原生 ADA 代币的持有者。

Cardano blockchain begins decentralisation drive

卡尔达诺区块链开始去中心化驱动

The blockchain will transfer control to holders of its ADA token in a bid to become more democratic.

区块链将把控制权转移给 ADA 代币的持有者，以变得更加民主。

The Cardano blockchain has begun its highly anticipated transition to decentralised governance, setting the stage for a new era of community-led decision-making.

卡尔达诺区块链已经开始了备受期待的去中心化治理过渡，为社区主导决策的新时代奠定了基础。

At 10.44 pm London time on Sunday, the blockchain officially started the process of transferring control of its $13 billion network to holders of its native ADA token.

伦敦时间周日晚上 10.44 点，区块链正式开始将其 130 亿美元网络的控制权移交给其原生 ADA 代币的持有者。

According to Frederik Gregaard, CEO of the Cardano Foundation, many in the Cardano community gravitated toward the network because of its promise of a decentralised governance model.

卡尔达诺基金会首席执行官 Frederik Gregaard 表示，卡尔达诺社区中的许多人都被该网络所吸引，因为它承诺去中心化的治理模式。

“Every ADA holder can contribute to the ecosystem’s evolution,” Gregaard told DL News. “The community will collaborate, innovate, and govern by mutual agreement.”

“每个 ADA 持有者都可以为生态系统的发展做出贡献，”Gregaard 告诉 DL News。 “社区将根据共同协议进行协作、创新和治理。”

Cardano is the first major blockchain to implement a token-based governance system, which it’s dubbing the era of Voltaire, after the French writer and free speech advocate.

卡尔达诺是第一个实施基于代币的治理系统的主要区块链，它以法国作家和言论自由倡导者的名字命名为“伏尔泰时代”。

The blockchain’s development was previously under the management of founder Charles Hoskinson’s blockchain engineering firm, Input Output Global, along with the Cardano Foundation and EMURGO, Cardano’s official commercial arm.

区块链的开发此前由创始人 Charles Hoskinson 的区块链工程公司 Input Output Global 以及 Cardano 基金会和 Cardano 官方商业部门 EMURGO 管理。

While many Cardano fans are celebrating the move, decentralisation can be a double-edged sword.

尽管许多卡尔达诺粉丝都在庆祝这一举措，但去中心化可能是一把双刃剑。

A form of governance called decentralised autonomous organisations — or DAOs — have received criticism, with detractors saying many DAOs have excessive budgets, suffer from inadequate checks and balances, and end up controlled by a few powerful stakeholders.

一种称为去中心化自治组织（DAO）的治理形式受到了批评，批评者称许多 DAO 预算过多，制衡不足，最终被少数强大的利益相关者控制。

Cardano’s new governance is the latest example of a crypto project committing itself to the ideal of decentralisation.

卡尔达诺的新治理是加密货币项目致力于去中心化理想的最新例子。

Why decentralise?

为什么要去中心化？

“Without a central authority controlling the network, it is much harder for governments or corporations to censor information or transactions,” Florian Volery, co-founder of Liqwid Labs, the firm behind Cardano lending protocol Liqwid, told DL News.

卡尔达诺借贷协议 Liqwid 背后的公司 Liqwid Labs 的联合创始人弗洛里安·沃莱里 (Florian Volery) 告诉 DL News：“如果没有中央机构控制网络，政府或企业就很难审查信息或交易。”

Volery said this will make Cardano more attractive for institutions looking to dip their toes into decentralised finance — or DeFi.

Volery 表示，这将使卡尔达诺对于那些希望涉足去中心化金融（即 DeFi）的机构更具吸引力。

But there’s stiff competition. Ethereum, which hosts the biggest DeFi ecosystem, has attracted the likes of $9 trillion asset manager BlackRock, among others.

但竞争很激烈。以太坊拥有最大的 DeFi 生态系统，吸引了 9 万亿美元资产管理公司贝莱德等公司的关注。

Pablo Bejarano, CEO of Cardano-based asset manager PBG, says Cardano’s move towards decentralised governance will highlight that other blockchains lack such a system.

卡尔达诺资产管理公司 PBG 的首席执行官 Pablo Bejarano 表示，卡尔达诺走向去中心化治理的举措将凸显其他区块链缺乏这样的系统。

On competing blockchains, ”decision-making is often centralised among a few players,” he told DL News.

他告诉 DL News，在竞争的区块链上，“决策通常集中在少数参与者手中”。

Still, decentralised governance isn’t the only consideration.

不过，去中心化治理并不是唯一的考虑因素。

Cardano only achieved smart contract functionality, the ability to create DeFi protocols on the blockchain, in 2021.

卡尔达诺直到 2021 年才实现了智能合约功能，即在区块链上创建 DeFi 协议的能力。

It has also struggled with an Unspent Transaction Output — or UTXO — problem. Simply put, only a single user can interact with certain DeFi protocols, such as decentralised exchange liquidity pools, at any one time.

它还面临着未花费的交易输出（UTXO）问题。简而言之，任何时候只有一个用户可以与某些 DeFi 协议进行交互，例如去中心化交易所流动性池。

Other top blockchains, like Ethereum and Solana, don’t have this issue.

其他顶级区块链，如以太坊和 Solana，没有这个问题。

The UTXO problem causes transactions to fail when, for example, multiple users try to swap the same tokens on a decentralised exchange at the same time — a big problem for any blockchain intending to scale to millions of users.

例如，当多个用户尝试同时在去中心化交易所上交换相同的代币时，UTXO 问题会导致交易失败——这对于任何打算扩展到数百万用户的区块链来说都是一个大问题。

Avoiding DAO woes

避免 DAO 问题

Although Cardano’s governance will become more decentralised, the network doesn’s want to be associated with actual DAOs and the problems that have befallen them.

尽管卡尔达诺的治理将变得更加去中心化，但该网络并不想与实际的 DAO 以及它们所面临的问题联系起来。

“In a DAO, decisions are typically made by the governance token holders that vote on proposals, often with only few checks or balances,” Gregaard said.

Gregaard 表示：“在 DAO 中，决策通常由治理代币持有者做出，他们对提案进行投票，通常很少进行制衡。”

Cardano’s new system of so-called DReps, community spokespeople who participate in voting on governance actions, will represent token holders.

卡尔达诺的新系统“DReps”（参与治理行动投票的社区发言人）将代表代币持有者。

DReps will join a total of three cooperative legislative bodies — a tricameral model — to make decisions.

众议员将加入总共三个合作立法机构（三院制模式）来做出决定。

That, Gregaard said, will ensure all important stakeholders have a voice and checks and balances are ensured.

格雷加德表示，这将确保所有重要利益相关者都有发言权，并确保制衡。

Still, actualising such a system is easier said than done.

尽管如此，实现这样一个系统说起来容易做起来难。

Involving thousands of ADA token holders, many of whom may not fully understand the new governance system, might invite disappointment that they don’t have the same kind of control over the project and its finances that members of a DAO do.

涉及数千名 ADA 代币持有者，其中许多人可能不完全理解新的治理系统，可能会因他们无法像 DAO 成员那样对项目及其财务拥有同样的控制权而感到失望。

Although the Chang hard fork has kicked off, Cardano’s transition to decentralised governance isn’t complete just yet.

尽管Chang硬分叉已经启动，但卡尔达诺向去中心化治理的过渡尚未完成。

A second upgrade will unlock the final features of governance later this year.

第二次升级将在今年晚些时候解锁治理的最终功能。

Tim Craig is DL News’ Edinburgh-based DeFi Correspondent. Reach out with tips at tim@dlnews.com.

Tim Craig 是 DL News 驻爱丁堡的 DeFi 记者。请通过 tim@dlnews.com 获取提示。