柬埔寨將試點基於區塊鏈的數位認證系統（UTC）

柬埔寨已被選為試點基於區塊鏈的創新金融科技平台，稱為通用可信憑證（UTC），這是一個利用

Cambodia has been chosen to pilot an innovative blockchain-based fintech platform called Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC), a digital credentialing system leveraging Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) blockchain technology. This initiative is developed by an international development organization in collaboration with various global partners, as announced by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

柬埔寨已被選為試點基於區塊鏈的創新金融科技平台，稱為通用可信任憑證（UTC），這是一個利用互聯網電腦協定（ICP）區塊鏈技術的數位憑證系統。正如聯合國開發計劃署（UNDP）所宣布的那樣，該倡議是由一個國際發展組織與多個全球合作夥伴合作制定的。

The objective of this new technology is to establish a more secure and accessible digital credentialing system aimed at promoting sustainable development and economic growth. Representatives of the project highlighted the potential of UTC to significantly impact the financial sector.

這項新技術的目標是建立一個更安全、更易於存取的數位認證系統，旨在促進永續發展和經濟成長。該計畫的代表強調了 UTC 對金融業產生重大影響的潛力。

The UNDP will partner with the Dfinity Foundation for the Cambodian pilot project. The Dfinity Foundation, based in Switzerland, specializes in blockchain technology research and development (R&D). According to a UNDP report, UTC functions as a global framework of indicators designed specifically for enterprises. The data points within this framework are sourced exclusively from authoritative data sources and are selected based on their relevance and utility to financial institutions for assessing an enterprise’s intent and ability to pay.

聯合國開發計畫署將與 Dfinity 基金會合作進行柬埔寨試點計畫。 Dfinity 基金會總部位於瑞士，專門從事區塊鏈技術研究和開發（R&D）。根據聯合國開發計畫署的報告，UTC 是專門為企業設計的全球指標架構。此框架內的資料點完全來自權威資料來源，並根據其與金融機構評估企業支付意願和能力的相關性和實用性進行選擇。

The framework is designed to facilitate more efficient, cost-effective, and higher levels of financing and financial services. This is particularly beneficial for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which often face challenges in accessing financing or are subjected to heightened collateral requirements due to a lack of verified data.

該框架旨在促進更有效率、更具成本效益和更高水準的融資和金融服務。這對於中小微型企業（MSME）尤其有利，因為它們在獲得融資方面經常面臨挑戰，或者由於缺乏經過驗證的數據而面臨更高的抵押品要求。

Global Trials and Expansion Plans

全球試驗和擴展計劃

UTC was initially launched in November 2023 by the UNDP and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Before the announcement of the Cambodian pilot project, MAS and the Bank of Ghana conducted a trial of the UTC system in Ghana in May. The Ghana project utilized a semi-fungible token (SFT) to transfer licenses and trade records into the UTC system. The first pilot of the technology also demonstrated the inclusion of a Know Your Customer (KYC) verification within an SFT.

UTC 最初由聯合國開發計畫署和新加坡金融管理局 (MAS) 於 2023 年 11 月推出。在宣布柬埔寨試點計畫之前，金管局和加納銀行於5月在加納對UTC系統進行了試驗。加納計畫利用半同質化代幣（SFT）將許可證和交易記錄轉移到 UTC 系統。該技術的第一個試點還演示了在 SFT 中包含「了解你的客戶」(KYC) 驗證。

The UNDP has described the Ghana UTC system as a proof of concept, indicating its potential for further international expansion. The organization aims to eventually implement UTC in ten partnering countries worldwide.

聯合國開發計畫署將加納 UTC 系統描述為概念驗證，顯示其進一步國際擴張的潛力。該組織的目標是最終在全球十個合作國家實施 UTC。

Marcos Neto, the UN assistant secretary general and director of the UNDP’s Bureau for Policy and Programme Support, emphasized that harnessing advanced technology could lead to the creation of a more secure and accessible digital credentialing system, driving sustainable development and economic growth. Dominic Williams, founder of the Dfinity Foundation, noted that using the Internet Computer blockchain technology would allow the UTC initiative to benefit from extensive research and development, supported by leading cryptographers and digital identity experts.

聯合國助理秘書長兼聯合國開發計畫署政策和計畫支援局局長馬科斯·內托強調，利用先進技術可以創造更安全、更易於使用的數位認證系統，從而推動永續發展和經濟成長。 Dfinity 基金會創辦人 Dominic Williams 指出，使用網路電腦區塊鏈技術將使 UTC 計畫受益於領先密碼學家和數位身分專家支援的廣泛研究和開發。

The Dfinity Foundation’s decentralized ICP blockchain Internet Identity solution will ensure secure storage and management of digital credentials during the Cambodian UTC pilot, as highlighted in the UNDP statement.

正如聯合國開發計劃署聲明中所強調的那樣，Dfinity 基金會的去中心化 ICP 區塊鏈互聯網身份解決方案將確保柬埔寨 UTC 試點期間數位憑證的安全儲存和管理。

Cambodian Financial Sector and MSME Support

柬埔寨金融業和中小微型企業支持

Before the recent announcement of the UTC project launch in Cambodia, Rath Sovannorak, deputy governor of the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), attended a roundtable discussion in Zurich, Switzerland. The forum, titled “Launching Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC): Experiences and Challenges,” was part of the Point Zero Forum, a three-day financial technology event held from July 1-3.

在最近宣佈在柬埔寨啟動 UTC 計畫之前，柬埔寨國家銀行 (NBC) 副總裁 Rath Sovannorak 出席了在瑞士蘇黎世舉行的圓桌討論。該論壇題為“推出通用可信憑證（UTC）：經驗與挑戰”，是零點論壇的一部分，該論壇是 7 月 1 日至 3 日舉行的為期三天的金融技術活動。

During the meeting, Rath Sovannorak discussed the current situation of MSMEs in Cambodia and their significant role in socio-economic development. He pointed out that MSMEs face particular challenges in accessing financial services. The deputy governor also highlighted the progress made by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and the NBC in supporting MSME growth through policies that promote local production and increase employment in the sector. He confirmed that the UTC project in Cambodia aims to create a robust database to help MSMEs overcome challenges, especially in accessing financial services from banking and financial institutions.

會議期間，Rath Sovannorak討論了柬埔寨中小微型企業的現狀及其在社會經濟發展中的重要角色。他指出，中小微型企業在獲得金融服務方面面臨特殊挑戰。副省長也強調了柬埔寨王國政府 (RGC) 和 NBC 在透過促進當地生產和增加該行業就業的政策來支持中小微型企業發展方面取得的進展。他確認，柬埔寨的 UTC 計畫旨在創建一個強大的資料庫，幫助中小微型企業克服挑戰，特別是在獲得銀行和金融機構的金融服務方面。

In 2020, the NBC launched the Bakong app, a tokenized currency payment and deposit system leveraging central bank infrastructure, to support MSMEs’ access to finance and reduce physical transactions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Developed jointly with Soramitsu, a Tokyo-based blockchain technology startup, the digital currency went into circulation in October 2020. The blockchain-based, open API payment system facilitates immediate QR-based transactions and links to both riel and dollar bank balances, although users do not need a bank account to use the app.

2020 年，NBC 推出了 Bakong 應用程序，這是一種利用中央銀行基礎設施的代幣化貨幣支付和存款系統，以支持中小微型企業在 Covid-19 大流行期間獲得融資並減少實物交易。該數位貨幣與東京區塊鏈技術新創公司Soramitsu 共同開發，於2020 年10 月投入流通。餘額，儘管用戶不需要銀行帳戶即可使用該應用程式。

Bakong has also been utilized for cross-border payments and can facilitate QR code-based transactions between Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China’s UnionPay. The NBC has signed several memoranda of understanding with other national banks and payment system authorities worldwide to expand the app’s cross-border payment capabilities. According to NBC governor Chea Serey, the system hosts around 10 million wallets, as reported in an interview with Nikkei Asia in December 2023.

Bakong 也被用於跨境支付，可以促進柬埔寨、泰國、寮國、越南和中國銀聯之間基於二維碼的交易。 NBC 與全球其他國家銀行和支付系統當局簽署了幾份諒解備忘錄，以擴展該應用程式的跨境支付功能。據 NBC 州長 Chea Serey 稱，據 2023 年 12 月接受日經亞洲採訪時報道，該系統託管著大約 1000 萬個錢包。