柬埔寨将试点基于区块链的数字认证系统（UTC）

柬埔寨已被选为试点基于区块链的创新金融科技平台，称为通用可信凭证（UTC），这是一个利用

Cambodia has been chosen to pilot an innovative blockchain-based fintech platform called Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC), a digital credentialing system leveraging Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) blockchain technology. This initiative is developed by an international development organization in collaboration with various global partners, as announced by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

柬埔寨已被选为试点基于区块链的创新金融科技平台，称为通用可信凭证（UTC），这是一个利用互联网计算机协议（ICP）区块链技术的数字凭证系统。正如联合国开发计划署（UNDP）宣布的那样，该倡议是由一个国际发展组织与多个全球合作伙伴合作制定的。

The objective of this new technology is to establish a more secure and accessible digital credentialing system aimed at promoting sustainable development and economic growth. Representatives of the project highlighted the potential of UTC to significantly impact the financial sector.

这项新技术的目标是建立一个更安全、更易于访问的数字认证系统，旨在促进可持续发展和经济增长。该项目的代表强调了 UTC 对金融业产生重大影响的潜力。

The UNDP will partner with the Dfinity Foundation for the Cambodian pilot project. The Dfinity Foundation, based in Switzerland, specializes in blockchain technology research and development (R&D). According to a UNDP report, UTC functions as a global framework of indicators designed specifically for enterprises. The data points within this framework are sourced exclusively from authoritative data sources and are selected based on their relevance and utility to financial institutions for assessing an enterprise’s intent and ability to pay.

联合国开发计划署将与 Dfinity 基金会合作开展柬埔寨试点项目。 Dfinity 基金会总部位于瑞士，专门从事区块链技术研究和开发（R&D）。根据联合国开发计划署的报告，UTC 是专门为企业设计的全球指标框架。该框架内的数据点完全来自权威数据源，并根据其与金融机构评估企业支付意愿和能力的相关性和实用性进行选择。

The framework is designed to facilitate more efficient, cost-effective, and higher levels of financing and financial services. This is particularly beneficial for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which often face challenges in accessing financing or are subjected to heightened collateral requirements due to a lack of verified data.

该框架旨在促进更高效、更具成本效益和更高水平的融资和金融服务。这对于中小微企业（MSME）尤其有利，因为它们在获得融资方面经常面临挑战，或者由于缺乏经过验证的数据而面临更高的抵押品要求。

Global Trials and Expansion Plans

全球试验和扩展计划

UTC was initially launched in November 2023 by the UNDP and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Before the announcement of the Cambodian pilot project, MAS and the Bank of Ghana conducted a trial of the UTC system in Ghana in May. The Ghana project utilized a semi-fungible token (SFT) to transfer licenses and trade records into the UTC system. The first pilot of the technology also demonstrated the inclusion of a Know Your Customer (KYC) verification within an SFT.

UTC 最初由联合国开发计划署和新加坡金融管理局 (MAS) 于 2023 年 11 月推出。在宣布柬埔寨试点项目之前，金管局和加纳银行于5月份在加纳对UTC系统进行了试验。加纳项目利用半同质化代币（SFT）将许可证和交易记录转移到 UTC 系统中。该技术的第一个试点还演示了在 SFT 中包含“了解你的客户”(KYC) 验证。

The UNDP has described the Ghana UTC system as a proof of concept, indicating its potential for further international expansion. The organization aims to eventually implement UTC in ten partnering countries worldwide.

联合国开发计划署将加纳 UTC 系统描述为概念验证，表明其进一步国际扩张的潜力。该组织的目标是最终在全球十个合作国家实施 UTC。

Marcos Neto, the UN assistant secretary general and director of the UNDP’s Bureau for Policy and Programme Support, emphasized that harnessing advanced technology could lead to the creation of a more secure and accessible digital credentialing system, driving sustainable development and economic growth. Dominic Williams, founder of the Dfinity Foundation, noted that using the Internet Computer blockchain technology would allow the UTC initiative to benefit from extensive research and development, supported by leading cryptographers and digital identity experts.

联合国助理秘书长兼联合国开发计划署政策和项目支持局局长马科斯·内托强调，利用先进技术可以创建更安全、更易于使用的数字认证系统，从而推动可持续发展和经济增长。 Dfinity 基金会创始人 Dominic Williams 指出，使用互联网计算机区块链技术将使 UTC 计划受益于领先密码学家和数字身份专家支持的广泛研究和开发。

The Dfinity Foundation’s decentralized ICP blockchain Internet Identity solution will ensure secure storage and management of digital credentials during the Cambodian UTC pilot, as highlighted in the UNDP statement.

正如联合国开发计划署声明中所强调的那样，Dfinity 基金会的去中心化 ICP 区块链互联网身份解决方案将确保柬埔寨 UTC 试点期间数字凭证的安全存储和管理。

Cambodian Financial Sector and MSME Support

柬埔寨金融业和中小微企业支持

Before the recent announcement of the UTC project launch in Cambodia, Rath Sovannorak, deputy governor of the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), attended a roundtable discussion in Zurich, Switzerland. The forum, titled “Launching Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC): Experiences and Challenges,” was part of the Point Zero Forum, a three-day financial technology event held from July 1-3.

在最近宣布在柬埔寨启动 UTC 项目之前，柬埔寨国家银行 (NBC) 副行长 Rath Sovannorak 出席了在瑞士苏黎世举行的圆桌讨论。该论坛题为“推出通用可信凭证（UTC）：经验与挑战”，是零点论坛的一部分，该论坛是 7 月 1 日至 3 日举行的为期三天的金融技术活动。

During the meeting, Rath Sovannorak discussed the current situation of MSMEs in Cambodia and their significant role in socio-economic development. He pointed out that MSMEs face particular challenges in accessing financial services. The deputy governor also highlighted the progress made by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and the NBC in supporting MSME growth through policies that promote local production and increase employment in the sector. He confirmed that the UTC project in Cambodia aims to create a robust database to help MSMEs overcome challenges, especially in accessing financial services from banking and financial institutions.

会议期间，Rath Sovannorak讨论了柬埔寨中小微企业的现状及其在社会经济发展中的重要作用。他指出，中小微企业在获得金融服务方面面临特殊挑战。副省长还强调了柬埔寨王国政府 (RGC) 和 NBC 在通过促进当地生产和增加该行业就业的政策支持中小微企业发展方面取得的进展。他确认，柬埔寨的 UTC 项目旨在创建一个强大的数据库，帮助中小微企业克服挑战，特别是在获得银行和金融机构的金融服务方面。

In 2020, the NBC launched the Bakong app, a tokenized currency payment and deposit system leveraging central bank infrastructure, to support MSMEs’ access to finance and reduce physical transactions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Developed jointly with Soramitsu, a Tokyo-based blockchain technology startup, the digital currency went into circulation in October 2020. The blockchain-based, open API payment system facilitates immediate QR-based transactions and links to both riel and dollar bank balances, although users do not need a bank account to use the app.

2020 年，NBC 推出了 Bakong 应用程序，这是一种利用中央银行基础设施的代币化货币支付和存款系统，以支持中小微企业在 Covid-19 大流行期间获得融资并减少实物交易。该数字货币与东京区块链技术初创公司 Soramitsu 联合开发，于 2020 年 10 月投入流通。基于区块链的开放 API 支付系统促进了基于二维码的即时交易，并链接到瑞尔和美元银行余额，尽管用户不需要银行帐户即可使用该应用程序。

Bakong has also been utilized for cross-border payments and can facilitate QR code-based transactions between Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China’s UnionPay. The NBC has signed several memoranda of understanding with other national banks and payment system authorities worldwide to expand the app’s cross-border payment capabilities. According to NBC governor Chea Serey, the system hosts around 10 million wallets, as reported in an interview with Nikkei Asia in December 2023.

Bakong 还被用于跨境支付，可以促进柬埔寨、泰国、老挝、越南和中国银联之间基于二维码的交易。 NBC 已与全球其他国家银行和支付系统当局签署了几份谅解备忘录，以扩展该应用程序的跨境支付功能。据 NBC 州长 Chea Serey 称，据 2023 年 12 月接受日经亚洲采访时报道，该系统托管着大约 1000 万个钱包。