Vitalik Buterin和Charles Hoskinson Spar在技术Twitter讨论中进行了ZK-PROFFORVE DEAWN

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin和Cardano创始人Charles Hoskinson迅速炸毁的Ethereum联合创始人Vitalik Buterin和Cardano之间的技术讨论

A casual technical discussion on X (formerly Twitter) between Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin and Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson quickly blew up into a wider critique of blockchain design, governance, and the practical, real-world viability of zero-knowledge (zk) proof systems.

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin和Cardano创始人Charles Hoskinson对X（以前为Twitter）进行了随意的技术讨论，迅速爆发出对区块链设计，治理以及实用的，现实世界中的零知识（ZK）系统的更广泛的批评。

It all began with a mathematical musing from Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, who explored the theoretical efficiency of distributing zk proof workloads across multiple provers.

这一切始于以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin的数学沉思，他探索了在多个掠夺者中分发ZK证明工作负载的理论效率。

“A fun math aside, on the idea of splitting a large zk proving workload between multiple provers. Suppose we have $N$ provers, and we have a proving workload that we split into $N$ parts (so, one part per prover). We require provers to pre-register, but registration is…

“除了一个有趣的数学，关于将大型ZK划分为多个摊贩之间的大型ZK的想法。假设我们有$ n $掠夺者，并且我们有一个证明的工作量，我们将我们分为$ n $零件（因此，每个个人儿的一部分）。我们要求摊贩预注册，但是注册是…...

Buterin proposed that by using open-access registration and fault-tolerant retries, the system could achieve verification in logarithmic star time–a function that grows incredibly slowly.

Buterin提出，通过使用开放式登记和容忍断层的重试，该系统可以在对数星形时间中实现验证 - 这种功能可以缓慢增长。

Buterin’s ZK-Proof Math Sparks Hoskinson’s Real-World Rebuttal

Buterin的ZK-PROFFROOD MATH SPRING SPRIPS HOSKINSON的现实反驳

While the math was elegant, Charles Hoskinson quickly pounced on its real-world impracticalities, calling the model naive in the face of adversarial attacks, cloud failure risks, and hardware bottlenecks.

虽然数学优雅，但查尔斯·霍斯金森（Charles Hoskinson）迅速对其现实世界中的不切实际行为poun，这使该模型在面对对抗性攻击，云故障风险和硬件瓶颈时天真。

Hoskinson didn’t just pick apart the math; he used the opening to paint a bigger picture of what he views as Ethereum’s systemic flaws. He argued that Buterin’s proposed retry model for zk-proofs would crumble when faced with Sybil attacks, where bad actors could spin up thousands of fake provers just to jam the network.

霍斯金森不仅挑选数学；他用开口描绘了他认为以太坊的系统缺陷的更大画面。他认为，当面对Sybil攻击时，Buterin提出的针对ZK-Proforms的重试模型将崩溃，那里的演员可能会旋转成千上万的假掠夺者，以堵塞网络。

This, he explained, is because the hefty hardware demands of actual zkEVM circuits make a super-quick three-second retry loop unworkable. He also red-flagged the risk of network self-sabotage, where escalating retries could flood the system with unneeded bandwidth and computational burdens.

他解释说，这是因为实际ZKEVM电路的大量硬件要求使超级快速的三秒钟重试循环无法正常工作。他还红色标记了网络自我破坏的风险，在这种情况下，不需要的带宽和计算负担会在该系统中升级。

Cardano vs. Ethereum: Governance and Layering Philosophies Clash Again

Cardano vs.以太坊：治理和分层哲学再次发生冲突

This isn’t the first time Hoskinson has positioned Cardano as a more grounded alternative to Ethereum.

这不是霍斯金森第一次将卡尔达诺定位为以太坊的替代方案。

Back in September 2024, he criticized Ethereum’s governance, comparing it to a “dictatorship” and emphasizing how Cardano’s Voltaire-era overhaul avoids the extremes of both Bitcoin’s minimalism and Ethereum’s founder-centric approach.

早在2024年9月，他就批评以太坊的治理，将其与“独裁政权”进行了比较，并强调了卡尔达诺（Cardano）的伏尔塔尔（Voltaire-aver-avolto）时代的大修如何避免比特币极简主义和以太坊以以太坊的以创始人为中心的方法的极端。

Buterin, on the other hand, has not remained idle. Facing growing scrutiny over Ethereum’s reliance on Layer-2 networks like Arbitrum and Optimism, he recently proposed a bold Layer-Zero upgrade.

另一方面，Buterin并没有保持闲置。面临越来越多的审查以太坊对仲裁和乐观等第2层网络的依赖，他最近提出了大胆的层零升级。

This next-generation architecture would replace the Ethereum Virtual Machine with a zkVM based on RISC-V standards, dramatically improving efficiency.

这种下一代体系结构将根据RISC-V标准替代以太坊虚拟机，从而极大地提高效率。

According to preliminary estimates, the upgrade could slash proof sizes from 346MB to just 1.5MB, reduce computation cycles by over 95%, and boost transaction throughput up to 30-fold using GPU acceleration.

根据初步估计，该升级可能会将证明大小从346MB削减到仅1.5MB，将计算周期降低超过95％，并使用GPU加速度将交易吞吐量最大提高30倍。

Yet, Hoskinson remains skeptical of Ethereum’s direction. He argues that an overreliance on Layer-2s siphons value away from the base layer, risks fragmentation, and leaves Ethereum vulnerable to being overtaken by more robust alternatives or even Bitcoin.

然而，霍斯金森仍然对以太坊的方向持怀疑态度。他认为，对第二层虹吸管的过度依赖偏离基础层的价值，风险碎裂，使以太坊很容易被更强大的替代方案甚至比特币所取代。

He has gone so far as to claim Ethereum may not survive the next 15 years if it continues along this path.

他甚至声称，如果以太坊沿着这条道路继续下去，那么在接下来的15年中可能无法生存。

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