Vitalik Buterin概述了一個簡化以太坊的新計劃

Vitalik Buterin提出了一項新計劃，以簡化以太坊協議。他在題為“簡化L1”的博客文章中分享了這一點

In a recent blog post titled "Simplifying the L1," Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of Ethereum, has proposed a new plan to simplify the protocol.

在最近的博客文章“簡化L1”中，以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了一項簡化協議的新計劃。

The post, which was published on May 3, 2025, sees Buterin suggest that Ethereum should aim to become "close to as simple as Bitcoin" within five years.

該帖子於2025年5月3日發表，看到Buterin表明以太坊的目標應該在五年內變得“像比特幣一樣簡單”。

This move is intended to help reduce costs and increase security. Buterin admitted that some earlier decisions, including his own, have increased technical complexity and created inefficiencies.

此舉旨在幫助降低成本並提高安全性。布特林承認，包括他自己的一些早期決定，提高了技術複雜性並創造了效率低下。

"Historically, Ethereum has often not done this (sometimes because of my own decisions). We decided to add more technical DEFIgners to the sync committee system, we've kept the legacy EVM despite its flaws because it was deemed "good enough," and we've generally erred on the side of more features and more complex systems, even when simpler alternatives existed," he wrote.

“從歷史上看，以太坊經常沒有這樣做（有時是因為我自己的決定）。我們決定在同步委員會系統中添加更多的技術易位者，儘管存在缺陷，但我們仍然保留了遺產EVM，因為它被認為是“足夠好”，而且我們通常在更簡單的替代方案中也在更多的功能和更複雜的系統的方面犯了錯誤。

Buterin added that the overengineering had led to delays and an increased risk of bugs.

Buterin補充說，過度工程導致了延誤和蟲子風險的增加。

"Whenever a technical DEFIgner is working on something, they can feel in their bones how much simpler and tidier their own internal mental model for the system is compared to the actual code that gets output, and how much simpler and tidier their own mental model is compared to the average person's understanding of the system," he explained. "We're also used to simpler code. For example, the Tinygrad project aims to build a deep learning framework that can fit entirely in a single C++ header file, and projects like LUAA attempt to make it possible to write entire AAA games in less code than the average mobile game."

他解釋說：“只要技術解算手從事某些工作，他們就可以將自己的內部心理模型與輸出的實際代碼進行比較，並將其自身的內部心理模型更加簡單和整理，以及將自己的心理模型與普通人對系統的理解進行比較。” “我們還習慣了更簡單的代碼。例如，TinyGrad項目旨在構建一個可以完全適合單個C ++標頭文件的深度學習框架，而LUAA之類的項目則試圖使以比普通手機遊戲少的代碼編寫整個AAA遊戲。”

3-Slot Finality Proposed to Simplify Ethereum Consensus

提議簡化以太坊共識的三槽終結性

Buterin proposed 3-slot finality to simplify the Ethereum consensus process. This change would remove existing elements like epochs, sync committees, and validator shuffling.

Buterin提出了三槽最終性，以簡化以太坊共識過程。這種更改將消除現有的元素，例如時期，同步委員會和驗證者改組。

3-slot finality reduces the confirmation process to three voting rounds within three slots, where validators first propose a block, then vote on it twice to confirm and finalize it. This model removes complex elements like epochs, sync committees, and validator shuffling, aiming to lower protocol complexity, improve safety, and allow for faster and clearer block finality across the Ethereum network.

3插槽的終結性將確認過程減少到三個插槽內的三回合，在此驗證者首先提出了一個障礙，然後對其進行了兩次投票以確認和最終確定。該模型刪除了複雜的元素，例如時期，同步委員會和驗證者改組，旨在降低協議複雜性，提高安全性並允許整個以太坊網絡的更快，更清晰的塊最終性。

"The reduced number of active validators at a time means that it becomes safer to use simpler implementations of the fork choice rule, and we can also simply have fewer types of messages that validators need to process and output (for example, no slashing messages). In general, we want to be able to reach a point where the total code size for the consensus-critical parts of the client software is no larger than, say, 100,000 lines of code, or ideally even less than 50,000 lines of code," Buterin added.

“一次有效驗證器數量減少意味著使用叉選擇規則的更簡單的實現變得更安全，而且我們也可以簡單地使用驗證者需要處理和輸出的較少類型的消息（例如，沒有削減消息）。總的來說，我們希望能夠達到一個比較較大的代碼，而不是更大的代碼，否則，我們要達到50,000行的總代碼，或者是較大的代碼。布特林添加了。

This proposal also suggests using STARK-based aggregation protocols. These are cryptographic systems that allow validators to prove and bundle large amounts of data, such as votes or transactions, into a single proof that others can quickly verify. In Ethereum, these protocols let any participant act as an aggregator without needing trust-based roles or preassigned committees. By removing sync committees and relying on STARKs for coordination, Ethereum can achieve decentralized, efficient validation with reduced overhead, making the network easier to scale while keeping it secure.

該提案還建議使用基於Stark的聚合協議。這些是加密系統，允許驗證者證明並將大量數據（例如投票或交易）捆綁為其他人可以快速驗證的單一證明。在以太坊中，這些協議使任何參與者無需基於信任的角色或預先簽署的委員會就可以充當聚合者。通過刪除同步委員會並依靠Stark進行協調，以太坊可以通過減少開銷來實現分散的，有效的驗證，從而使網絡易於擴展，同時確保其安全。

"We can also use STARK-based aggregation protocols to aggregate attestations and other messages, and crucially, these protocols can be implemented in a modular fashion. For example, we can have one open-source reference implementation of the STARK system, but different client teams can choose to use their own preferred programming language and build their own implementations of the STARK aggregator and generate proofs in a format of their choosing, as long as they can be checked by the reference implementation," Buterin explained.

"We can also use STARK-based aggregation protocols to aggregate attestations and other messages, and crucially, these protocols can be implemented in a modular fashion. For example, we can have one open-source reference implementation of the STARK system, but different client teams can choose to use their own preferred programming language and build their own implementations of the STARK aggregator and generate proofs in a format of their choosing, as long as they can be checked by the reference實施，” Buterin解釋說。

Buterin proposes changing the Ethereum execution layer. He suggested replacing the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with RISC-V, which is a minimal instruction set architecture. RISC-V may help improve performance in zero-knowledge proofs, which are used in Ethereum’s privacy and scalability features.

Buterin建議更改以太坊的執行層。他建議用RISC-V代替以太坊虛擬機（EVM），這是最小的指令集架構。 RISC-V可能有助於提高零知識證明的性能，這些證明用於以太坊的隱私和可擴展性。

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the core component that executes smart contracts on Ethereum. It was designed specifically for the Ethereum network and uses its own set of instructions tailored to blockchain logic. The EVM supports features like account storage, gas metering, and deterministic execution, but its complexity has grown over time. This makes it harder to verify with cryptographic proofs, especially for advanced systems like zero-knowledge proofs.

以太坊虛擬機（EVM）是在以太坊上執行智能合約的核心組件。它是專門為以太坊網絡設計的，並使用了針對區塊鏈邏輯量身定制的一組指令。 EVM支持帳戶存儲，氣體計量和確定性執行等功能，但隨著時間的流逝，其複雜性越來越長。這使得很難通過加密證明進行驗證，尤其是對於零知識證明（例如零知識證明）的高級系統。

RISC-V, on the other hand, is a general-purpose, open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) commonly used in computer processors. It follows a minimalist approach with a small, consistent set of instructions, making it easier to implement and verify. Vitalik Buterin proposed using a ZK-friendly virtual machine based on RISC-V to simplify Ethereum’s execution layer. This shift could support faster zero-knowledge proof generation and reduce the overall complexity of the protocol

另一方面，RISC-V是計算機處理器中常用的通用，開源指令集體系結構（ISA）。它遵循一種極簡主義的方法，採用一小部分一致的指令集，使實施和驗證更容易。 Vitalik Buterin使用基於RISC-V的ZK友好型虛擬機提出，以簡化以太坊的執行層。這種轉變可以支持更快的零知識證明生成並降低協議的整體複雜性