Vitalik Buterin概述了一个简化以太坊的新计划

Vitalik Buterin提出了一项新计划，以简化以太坊协议。他在题为“简化L1”的博客文章中分享了这一点

In a recent blog post titled "Simplifying the L1," Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of Ethereum, has proposed a new plan to simplify the protocol.

在最近的博客文章“简化L1”中，以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提出了一项简化协议的新计划。

The post, which was published on May 3, 2025, sees Buterin suggest that Ethereum should aim to become "close to as simple as Bitcoin" within five years.

该帖子于2025年5月3日发表，看到Buterin表明以太坊的目标应该在五年内变得“像比特币一样简单”。

This move is intended to help reduce costs and increase security. Buterin admitted that some earlier decisions, including his own, have increased technical complexity and created inefficiencies.

此举旨在帮助降低成本并提高安全性。布特林承认，包括他自己的一些早期决定，提高了技术复杂性并创造了效率低下。

"Historically, Ethereum has often not done this (sometimes because of my own decisions). We decided to add more technical DEFIgners to the sync committee system, we've kept the legacy EVM despite its flaws because it was deemed "good enough," and we've generally erred on the side of more features and more complex systems, even when simpler alternatives existed," he wrote.

“从历史上看，以太坊经常没有这样做（有时是因为我自己的决定）。我们决定在同步委员会系统中添加更多的技术易位者，尽管存在缺陷，但我们仍然保留了遗产EVM，因为它被认为是“足够好”，而且我们通常在更简单的替代方案中也在更多的功能和更复杂的系统的方面犯了错误。

Buterin added that the overengineering had led to delays and an increased risk of bugs.

Buterin补充说，过度工程导致了延误和虫子风险的增加。

"Whenever a technical DEFIgner is working on something, they can feel in their bones how much simpler and tidier their own internal mental model for the system is compared to the actual code that gets output, and how much simpler and tidier their own mental model is compared to the average person's understanding of the system," he explained. "We're also used to simpler code. For example, the Tinygrad project aims to build a deep learning framework that can fit entirely in a single C++ header file, and projects like LUAA attempt to make it possible to write entire AAA games in less code than the average mobile game."

他解释说：“只要技术解算手从事某些工作，他们就可以将自己的内部心理模型与输出的实际代码进行比较，并将其自身的内部心理模型更加简单和整理，以及将自己的心理模型与普通人对系统的理解进行比较。” “我们还习惯了更简单的代码。例如，TinyGrad项目旨在构建一个可以完全适合单个C ++标头文件的深度学习框架，而LUAA之类的项目则试图使以比普通手机游戏少的代码编写整个AAA游戏。”

3-Slot Finality Proposed to Simplify Ethereum Consensus

提议简化以太坊共识的三槽终结性

Buterin proposed 3-slot finality to simplify the Ethereum consensus process. This change would remove existing elements like epochs, sync committees, and validator shuffling.

Buterin提出了三槽最终性，以简化以太坊共识过程。这种更改将消除现有的元素，例如时期，同步委员会和验证者改组。

3-slot finality reduces the confirmation process to three voting rounds within three slots, where validators first propose a block, then vote on it twice to confirm and finalize it. This model removes complex elements like epochs, sync committees, and validator shuffling, aiming to lower protocol complexity, improve safety, and allow for faster and clearer block finality across the Ethereum network.

3插槽的终结性将确认过程减少到三个插槽内的三回合，在此验证者首先提出了一个障碍，然后对其进行了两次投票以确认和最终确定。该模型删除了复杂的元素，例如时期，同步委员会和验证者改组，旨在降低协议复杂性，提高安全性并允许整个以太坊网络的更快，更清晰的块最终性。

"The reduced number of active validators at a time means that it becomes safer to use simpler implementations of the fork choice rule, and we can also simply have fewer types of messages that validators need to process and output (for example, no slashing messages). In general, we want to be able to reach a point where the total code size for the consensus-critical parts of the client software is no larger than, say, 100,000 lines of code, or ideally even less than 50,000 lines of code," Buterin added.

“一次有效验证器数量减少意味着使用叉选择规则的更简单的实现变得更安全，而且我们也可以简单地使用验证者需要处理和输出的较少类型的消息（例如，没有削减消息）。总的来说，我们希望能够达到一个比较较大的代码，而不是更大的代码，否则，我们要达到50,000行的总代码，或者是较大的代码。布特林添加了。

This proposal also suggests using STARK-based aggregation protocols. These are cryptographic systems that allow validators to prove and bundle large amounts of data, such as votes or transactions, into a single proof that others can quickly verify. In Ethereum, these protocols let any participant act as an aggregator without needing trust-based roles or preassigned committees. By removing sync committees and relying on STARKs for coordination, Ethereum can achieve decentralized, efficient validation with reduced overhead, making the network easier to scale while keeping it secure.

该提案还建议使用基于Stark的聚合协议。这些是加密系统，允许验证者证明并将大量数据（例如投票或交易）捆绑为其他人可以快速验证的单一证明。在以太坊中，这些协议使任何参与者无需基于信任的角色或预先签署的委员会就可以充当聚合者。通过删除同步委员会并依靠Stark进行协调，以太坊可以通过减少开销来实现分散的，有效的验证，从而使网络易于扩展，同时确保其安全。

"We can also use STARK-based aggregation protocols to aggregate attestations and other messages, and crucially, these protocols can be implemented in a modular fashion. For example, we can have one open-source reference implementation of the STARK system, but different client teams can choose to use their own preferred programming language and build their own implementations of the STARK aggregator and generate proofs in a format of their choosing, as long as they can be checked by the reference implementation," Buterin explained.

"We can also use STARK-based aggregation protocols to aggregate attestations and other messages, and crucially, these protocols can be implemented in a modular fashion. For example, we can have one open-source reference implementation of the STARK system, but different client teams can choose to use their own preferred programming language and build their own implementations of the STARK aggregator and generate proofs in a format of their choosing, as long as they can be checked by the reference实施，” Buterin解释说。

Buterin proposes changing the Ethereum execution layer. He suggested replacing the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with RISC-V, which is a minimal instruction set architecture. RISC-V may help improve performance in zero-knowledge proofs, which are used in Ethereum’s privacy and scalability features.

Buterin建议更改以太坊的执行层。他建议用RISC-V代替以太坊虚拟机（EVM），这是最小的指令集架构。 RISC-V可能有助于提高零知识证明的性能，这些证明用于以太坊的隐私和可扩展性。

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the core component that executes smart contracts on Ethereum. It was designed specifically for the Ethereum network and uses its own set of instructions tailored to blockchain logic. The EVM supports features like account storage, gas metering, and deterministic execution, but its complexity has grown over time. This makes it harder to verify with cryptographic proofs, especially for advanced systems like zero-knowledge proofs.

以太坊虚拟机（EVM）是在以太坊上执行智能合约的核心组件。它是专门为以太坊网络设计的，并使用了针对区块链逻辑量身定制的一组指令。 EVM支持帐户存储，气体计量和确定性执行等功能，但随着时间的流逝，其复杂性越来越长。这使得很难通过加密证明进行验证，尤其是对于零知识证明（例如零知识证明）的高级系统。

RISC-V, on the other hand, is a general-purpose, open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) commonly used in computer processors. It follows a minimalist approach with a small, consistent set of instructions, making it easier to implement and verify. Vitalik Buterin proposed using a ZK-friendly virtual machine based on RISC-V to simplify Ethereum’s execution layer. This shift could support faster zero-knowledge proof generation and reduce the overall complexity of the protocol

另一方面，RISC-V是计算机处理器中常用的通用，开源指令集体系结构（ISA）。它遵循一种极简主义的方法，采用一小部分一致的指令集，使实施和验证更容易。 Vitalik Buterin使用基于RISC-V的ZK友好型虚拟机提出，以简化以太坊的执行层。这种转变可以支持更快的零知识证明生成并降低协议的整体复杂性