Solana：出色的性能，緊急基礎設施需求

Solana在Web3行業中以其出色的性能脫穎而出，能夠繼續在大規模的工作量下產生障礙。

Solana is renowned within the web3 domain for its exceptional performance, capable of continuing to generate blocks even under massive workloads. However, its infrastructure is in urgent need of upgrades, and new ideas can be introduced in its building methods. The launch of the $TRUMP and $MELANIA tokens serves as a clear example of this.

Solana因其出色的性能而在Web3域中聞名，即使在大量工作負載下也能夠繼續產生塊。但是，它的基礎設施迫切需要升級，並且可以在其建築物方法中引入新想法。 $ Trump和$ Melania代幣的推出是一個明顯的例子。

The tweet about $TRUMP released by the new U.S. President Donald Trump had a tremendous impact on the Solana ecosystem, bringing a surge of users and on-chain activity. Solana's daily trading volume set new records, with DEX trading volume reaching $27 billion. The on-chain trading volume of the Solana ecosystem alone is close to 1/10 of the entire Nasdaq's daily trading volume!

大約由新美國總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）發布的特朗普發行的推文對索拉納生態系統產生了巨大影響，帶來了大量的用戶和鏈活動。 Solana的每日交易量創造了新的記錄，DEX交易量達到270億美元。僅SOLANA生態系統的鏈交易量就接近整個納斯達克每日交易量的1/10！

At the same time, this remarkable achievement also led to daily total gas fees reaching new highs, several times higher than the previous historical record! On January 19, 2025, users paid approximately $35 million in transaction fees, compared to $13 million on November 21, 2024. Meanwhile, the earnings of validators increased from $6.9 million to $17.7 million.

同時，這一出色的成就也導致每天的總體費用達到新高點，是以前的歷史記錄幾倍！ 2025年1月19日，用戶支付了約3500萬美元的交易費用，而2024年11月21日為1300萬美元。與此同時，驗證者的收入從690萬美元增加到1770萬美元。

However, the gas fees being several times higher than normal does not equate to a smooth user experience, as on-chain transactions experienced anomalies: despite the record-breaking and stable generation of blocks, the number of on-chain transactions actually declined. Notably, Solana's congestion led to a lower-than-normal utilization of computational units (CUs) in blocks. This can be seen in block 315110102, which contained an unusually small number of unvoted transactions (15 transactions, one of which was rejected). Researcher @_weidai from @1kxnetwork proposed a possible reason: Solana has a bottleneck in network bandwidth, especially at the block proposer entry point.

但是，由於鏈交易經歷了異常情況，氣體費用比正常情況高幾倍，並不等於光滑的用戶體驗：儘管有創紀錄的破壞性和穩定的塊，但鏈接交易的數量實際上下降了。值得注意的是，Solana的擁塞導致塊中計算單元（CUS）的正常使用率低。這可以在315110102塊中看到，其中包含異常數量的未投票交易（15件交易，其中一項是被拒絕的）。來自 @1KXNETWORK的研究人員@_weidai提出了一個可能的原因：Solana在網絡帶寬中具有瓶頸，尤其是在Block Proposer入口點。

The infrastructure failure of @Jito_labs was also one of the causes of this network congestion. After the launch of the $MELANIA token, the sending of Jito transactions was interrupted, and non-priority transactions effectively came to a halt. Due to the load reaching unprecedented levels, Jito's block engine API experienced significant failures, disrupting multiple services and Jito transaction submissions. (Most Solana nodes use Jito's client)

@jito_labs的基礎架構失敗也是該網絡擁塞的原因之一。 $ Melania代幣推出後，Jito交易的發送中斷，非優先交易有效地停止了。由於負載達到前所未有的水平，Jito的Block Engine API經歷了重大失敗，破壞了多個服務和JITO交易提交。 （大多數Solana節點都使用Jito的客戶端）

According to observations by @smyyyguy, the following occurred on the Solana chain:

根據@smyyyguy的觀察，以下發生在Solana鏈上：

Binance and #Coinbase users also encountered issues. According to data from @solscanofficial, transactions from Coinbase were rejected due to the inability to automatically increase transaction fees, and Coinbase also paused user withdrawals for a period. Even after several hours, Coinbase still faced withdrawal issues.

Binance和#CoinBase用戶也遇到了問題。根據@solscanofficial的數據，由於無法自動增加交易費用，因此拒絕了Coinbase的交易，並且Coinbase還暫停了一段時間的用戶提款。即使經過幾個小時，Coinbase仍然面臨戒斷問題。

phantom, as the most popular wallet, also crashed under the flood of users and transactions, experiencing 8 million requests per minute, a staggering number! The enormous load on Phantom's infrastructure also manifested in some users being unable to update their balances or even load the wallet interface.

作為最受歡迎的錢包，Phantom在用戶和交易中也墜毀，每分鐘經歷了800萬個請求，這是一個驚人的數字！幻影基礎架構上的巨大負載也表現在某些用戶無法更新其餘額甚至加載錢包接口的用戶中。

The result is that the Solana blockchain operates normally, but ordinary users cannot use it. During the most difficult times, the number of rejected non-voting transactions in blocks reached 40%-60%, similar to the situation in the spring of 2024. As we mentioned earlier, during the events of January 19-20, 2025, despite numerous user complaints, on-chain data did not show a significant number of failed congestions. This may be related to the decrease in computational units (CUs) within blocks.

結果是Solana區塊鏈正常運行，但普通用戶無法使用它。在最困難的時期，街區中拒絕的非投票交易的數量達到40％-60％，與2024年春季的情況相似。正如我們之前提到的，在2025年1月19日至20日的事件中，許多用戶投訴，鏈上數據沒有顯示大量失敗的擁塞。這可能與塊內計算單元（CU）的減少有關。

Additionally, it is worth noting the decrease in the number of block signers. This indicates that the block distribution and signing process were also affected. This may have exacerbated the anomaly of relatively few congestion occurrences in the chart.

此外，值得注意的是，塊簽名人數的減少。這表明塊分佈和簽名過程也受到影響。這可能加劇了圖表中相對較少的擁擠情況的異常。

The reasons for transaction rejections are varied: sometimes transactions fail to enter blocks due to infrastructure overload; sometimes it is because transactions cannot keep up with price changes; and some transactions are rejected due to long waiting times—this is one of Solana's speed characteristics, namely the lack of a memory pool (mempool).

交易拒絕的原因有所不同：有時由於基礎架構超負荷而導致交易無法進入塊；有時是因為交易無法跟上價格變動；由於漫長的等待時間，某些交易被拒絕 - 這是Solana的速度特徵之一，即缺乏記憶池（Mempool）。

This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. If a transaction has a lower priority due to lower fees, it will not wait as it would on an EVM-based chain, but will be rejected in less than a minute.

這既是優勢，又是不利的。如果由於費用較低，交易的優先級較低，則不會像在基於EVM的鏈上那樣等待，但會在不到一分鐘的時間內拒絕。

Subsequently, the cost of "priority" transactions has increased significantly—from 0.2 SOL to 2 SOL ($50 to $540). Considering that this has been a persistent situation rather than a short-term phenomenon, Solana's fees are indeed outrageous. For example, you can see here that all transfer transactions with fees of 0.03-0.04 SOL ($7-10) are being rejected, causing losses to users.

隨後，“優先”交易的成本顯著增加 - 從0.2 SOL到2 SOL（50美元到540美元）。考慮到這是一個持久的情況，而不是短期現象，索拉納的費用確實是令人髮指的。例如，您可以在這裡看到所有轉移交易的費用為0.03-0.04 SOL（$ 7-10）都被拒絕，從而造成用戶損失。

The Lollipop development team had noticed the surge in priority transactions on Solana earlier, prompting us to think about how to improve the reliability of users and protocols. Although the chain can operate normally and generate blocks

Lollipop開發團隊已經註意到Solana的優先交易激增，促使我們考慮如何提高用戶和協議的可靠性。儘管鏈條可以正常運行並生成塊