Solana：出色的性能，紧急基础设施需求

Solana在Web3行业中以其出色的性能脱颖而出，能够继续在大规模的工作量下产生障碍。

Solana is renowned within the web3 domain for its exceptional performance, capable of continuing to generate blocks even under massive workloads. However, its infrastructure is in urgent need of upgrades, and new ideas can be introduced in its building methods. The launch of the $TRUMP and $MELANIA tokens serves as a clear example of this.

Solana因其出色的性能而在Web3域中闻名，即使在大量工作负载下也能够继续产生块。但是，它的基础设施迫切需要升级，并且可以在其建筑物方法中引入新想法。 $ Trump和$ Melania代币的推出是一个明显的例子。

The tweet about $TRUMP released by the new U.S. President Donald Trump had a tremendous impact on the Solana ecosystem, bringing a surge of users and on-chain activity. Solana's daily trading volume set new records, with DEX trading volume reaching $27 billion. The on-chain trading volume of the Solana ecosystem alone is close to 1/10 of the entire Nasdaq's daily trading volume!

大约由新美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）发布的特朗普发行的推文对索拉纳生态系统产生了巨大影响，带来了大量的用户和链活动。 Solana的每日交易量创造了新的记录，DEX交易量达到270亿美元。仅SOLANA生态系统的链交易量就接近整个纳斯达克每日交易量的1/10！

At the same time, this remarkable achievement also led to daily total gas fees reaching new highs, several times higher than the previous historical record! On January 19, 2025, users paid approximately $35 million in transaction fees, compared to $13 million on November 21, 2024. Meanwhile, the earnings of validators increased from $6.9 million to $17.7 million.

同时，这一出色的成就也导致每天的总体费用达到新高点，是以前的历史记录几倍！ 2025年1月19日，用户支付了约3500万美元的交易费用，而2024年11月21日为1300万美元。与此同时，验证者的收入从690万美元增加到1770万美元。

However, the gas fees being several times higher than normal does not equate to a smooth user experience, as on-chain transactions experienced anomalies: despite the record-breaking and stable generation of blocks, the number of on-chain transactions actually declined. Notably, Solana's congestion led to a lower-than-normal utilization of computational units (CUs) in blocks. This can be seen in block 315110102, which contained an unusually small number of unvoted transactions (15 transactions, one of which was rejected). Researcher @_weidai from @1kxnetwork proposed a possible reason: Solana has a bottleneck in network bandwidth, especially at the block proposer entry point.

但是，由于链交易经历了异常情况，气体费用比正常情况高几倍，并不等于光滑的用户体验：尽管有创纪录的破坏性和稳定的块，但链接交易的数量实际上下降了。值得注意的是，Solana的拥塞导致块中计算单元（CUS）的正常使用率低。这可以在315110102块中看到，其中包含异常数量的未投票交易（15件交易，其中一项是被拒绝的）。来自 @1KXNETWORK的研究人员@_weidai提出了一个可能的原因：Solana在网络带宽中具有瓶颈，尤其是在Block Proposer入口点。

The infrastructure failure of @Jito_labs was also one of the causes of this network congestion. After the launch of the $MELANIA token, the sending of Jito transactions was interrupted, and non-priority transactions effectively came to a halt. Due to the load reaching unprecedented levels, Jito's block engine API experienced significant failures, disrupting multiple services and Jito transaction submissions. (Most Solana nodes use Jito's client)

@jito_labs的基础架构失败也是该网络拥塞的原因之一。 $ Melania代币推出后，Jito交易的发送中断，非优先交易有效地停止了。由于负载达到前所未有的水平，Jito的Block Engine API经历了重大失败，破坏了多个服务和JITO交易提交。 （大多数Solana节点都使用Jito的客户端）

According to observations by @smyyyguy, the following occurred on the Solana chain:

根据@smyyyguy的观察，以下发生在Solana链上：

Binance and #Coinbase users also encountered issues. According to data from @solscanofficial, transactions from Coinbase were rejected due to the inability to automatically increase transaction fees, and Coinbase also paused user withdrawals for a period. Even after several hours, Coinbase still faced withdrawal issues.

Binance和#CoinBase用户也遇到了问题。根据@solscanofficial的数据，由于无法自动增加交易费用，因此拒绝了Coinbase的交易，并且Coinbase还暂停了一段时间的用户提款。即使经过几个小时，Coinbase仍然面临戒断问题。

phantom, as the most popular wallet, also crashed under the flood of users and transactions, experiencing 8 million requests per minute, a staggering number! The enormous load on Phantom's infrastructure also manifested in some users being unable to update their balances or even load the wallet interface.

作为最受欢迎的钱包，Phantom在用户和交易中也坠毁，每分钟经历了800万个请求，这是一个惊人的数字！幻影基础架构上的巨大负载也表现在某些用户无法更新其余额甚至加载钱包接口的用户中。

The result is that the Solana blockchain operates normally, but ordinary users cannot use it. During the most difficult times, the number of rejected non-voting transactions in blocks reached 40%-60%, similar to the situation in the spring of 2024. As we mentioned earlier, during the events of January 19-20, 2025, despite numerous user complaints, on-chain data did not show a significant number of failed congestions. This may be related to the decrease in computational units (CUs) within blocks.

结果是Solana区块链正常运行，但普通用户无法使用它。在最困难的时期，街区中拒绝的非投票交易的数量达到40％-60％，与2024年春季的情况相似。正如我们之前提到的，在2025年1月19日至20日的事件中，许多用户投诉，链上数据没有显示大量失败的拥塞。这可能与块内计算单元（CU）的减少有关。

Additionally, it is worth noting the decrease in the number of block signers. This indicates that the block distribution and signing process were also affected. This may have exacerbated the anomaly of relatively few congestion occurrences in the chart.

此外，值得注意的是，块签名人数的减少。这表明块分布和签名过程也受到影响。这可能加剧了图表中相对较少的拥挤情况的异常。

The reasons for transaction rejections are varied: sometimes transactions fail to enter blocks due to infrastructure overload; sometimes it is because transactions cannot keep up with price changes; and some transactions are rejected due to long waiting times—this is one of Solana's speed characteristics, namely the lack of a memory pool (mempool).

交易拒绝的原因有所不同：有时由于基础架构超负荷而导致交易无法进入块；有时是因为交易无法跟上价格变动；由于漫长的等待时间，某些交易被拒绝 - 这是Solana的速度特征之一，即缺乏记忆池（Mempool）。

This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. If a transaction has a lower priority due to lower fees, it will not wait as it would on an EVM-based chain, but will be rejected in less than a minute.

这既是优势，又是不利的。如果由于费用较低，交易的优先级较低，则不会像在基于EVM的链上那样等待，但会在不到一分钟的时间内拒绝。

Subsequently, the cost of "priority" transactions has increased significantly—from 0.2 SOL to 2 SOL ($50 to $540). Considering that this has been a persistent situation rather than a short-term phenomenon, Solana's fees are indeed outrageous. For example, you can see here that all transfer transactions with fees of 0.03-0.04 SOL ($7-10) are being rejected, causing losses to users.

随后，“优先”交易的成本显着增加 - 从0.2 SOL到2 SOL（50美元到540美元）。考虑到这是一个持久的情况，而不是短期现象，索拉纳的费用确实是令人发指的。例如，您可以在这里看到所有转移交易的费用为0.03-0.04 SOL（$ 7-10）都被拒绝，从而造成用户损失。

The Lollipop development team had noticed the surge in priority transactions on Solana earlier, prompting us to think about how to improve the reliability of users and protocols. Although the chain can operate normally and generate blocks

Lollipop开发团队已经注意到Solana的优先交易激增，促使我们考虑如何提高用户和协议的可靠性。尽管链条可以正常运行并生成块