公共區塊鏈是受監管產業的未來

區塊鏈具有許多潛在的好處，可以滿足受監管行業的獨特需求，包括金融、醫療保健、身份驗證和供應鏈管理等。

Regulated industries, such as finance and healthcare, face unique challenges that blockchain technology is well-suited to address. These industries typically have stringent requirements, such as know your customer (KYC), anti-money laundering (AML) and data privacy regulations, which blockchain can help to meet.

金融和醫療保健等受監管行業面臨著獨特的挑戰，而區塊鏈技術非常適合解決這些挑戰。這些行業通常有嚴格的要求，例如了解你的客戶（KYC）、反洗錢（AML）和資料隱私法規，區塊鏈可以幫助滿足這些要求。

For instance, blockchain enables robust KYC and AML by verifying identities in real time and providing an immutable record of data and transactions for the detection of financial crime. It also facilitates secure data sharing between authorized parties by using cryptography and access controls. Finally, smart contracts on blockchain can enforce rules automatically, aiding compliance and reducing human error.

例如，區塊鏈透過即時驗證身份並提供不可變的數據和交易記錄來檢測金融犯罪，從而實現強大的 KYC 和 AML。它還透過使用加密和存取控制來促進授權方之間的安全資料共享。最後，區塊鏈上的智慧合約可以自動執行規則，有助於合規性並減少人為錯誤。

One question that arises for regulated enterprises, however, is whether public or private blockchain is preferable for these institutions. Past opinion has favored private, permissioned blockchain for such use cases to ensure maximum data privacy and protection. However, private chains come with their own set of challenges that can defeat their benefits. There are advocates on both sides, but recent innovations on public blockchain — offering all the security features of private chains plus the many benefits of public chains — may soon render this question obsolete.

然而，受監管企業面臨的一個問題是，公共區塊鏈還是私有區塊鏈更適合這些機構。過去的觀點傾向於在此類用例中使用私有的、經過許可的區塊鏈，以確保最大限度的資料隱私和保護。然而，私有鏈也面臨一系列挑戰，這些挑戰可能會抵消它們的優勢。雙方都有支持者，但最近公共區塊鏈的創新——提供私有鏈的所有安全功能以及公共鏈的許多好處——可能很快就會使這個問題過時。

Regulated Industries Present Special Challenges That Blockchain Is Well-Suited to Manage

受監管的行業提出了區塊鏈非常適合管理的特殊挑戰

In general, regulations exist to offer protection to industry participants, typically around data or money movement. Blockchain’s transparency and traceability have the capacity to boost trust and security while also increasing the speed and efficiency of operations.

一般來說，法規的存在是為了向行業參與者提供保護，通常是圍繞數據或資金流動。區塊鏈的透明度和可追溯性能夠增強信任和安全性，同時提高營運速度和效率。

For example, in healthcare, blockchain’s distributed ledger technology can be leveraged to streamline centralization of patient records while ensuring that only authorized parties have access to their confidential data. Blockchain also offers financial services greater transactional speed and security, as well as the elimination of costly intermediaries, as in the case of cross-border payments. The technology facilitates faster and more efficient transactions compared to traditional banking methods, and its programmability through smart contracts allows for automated transactions and regulatory compliance.

例如，在醫療保健領域，可以利用區塊鏈的分散式帳本技術來簡化病患記錄的集中化，同時確保只有授權方才能存取其機密資料。區塊鏈也為金融服務提供了更高的交易速度和安全性，並消除了昂貴的中介機構，例如跨境支付。與傳統銀行方法相比，該技術可促進更快、更有效率的交易，並且其透過智慧合約的可程式性可實現自動交易和監管合規性。

As the digital economy expands, the need for a stable, efficient and secure form of digital money is becoming increasingly evident. Both stablecoins and deposit tokens — digital representations of traditional bank deposits issued by regulated financial institutions — are gaining favor for this purpose.

隨著數位經濟的發展，對穩定、高效、安全的數位貨幣形式的需求日益明顯。穩定幣和存款代幣（受監管的金融機構發行的傳統銀行存款的數位代表）都因此而受到青睞。

Unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are often subject to volatility, both stablecoins and deposit tokens are backed by fiat currency, making them as stable as traditional money or bank deposits. Some of the world’s largest banks are envisioning tokenized assets as crucial to the future of the global digital money landscape.

與比特幣或以太幣等經常波動的加密貨幣不同，穩定幣和存款代幣均由法定貨幣支持，使其與傳統貨幣或銀行存款一樣穩定。全球一些最大的銀行認為代幣化資產對於全球數位貨幣格局的未來至關重要。

Blockchain Use Cases for Regulated Industries

受監管產業的區塊鏈用例

* Healthcare data protection: Blockchain can facilitate the secure sharing of healthcare data among patients and providers, while also maintaining privacy and data integrity.

* 醫療保健資料保護：區塊鏈可以促進患者和提供者之間安全共享醫療保健數據，同時維護隱私和數據完整性。

* Identity verification: Blockchain can offer decentralized identity verification, enabling individuals to safely share their personal information without the need for identity providers.

* 身份驗證：區塊鏈可以提供去中心化的身份驗證，使個人能夠安全地共享其個人信息，而無需身份提供者。

* Smart contracts: Self-executing contracts, or smart contracts, can enforce contract terms automatically, avoiding the need for a central authority and resulting in reduced costs and improved efficiency.

* 智慧合約：自動執行合約或智慧合約可以自動執行合約條款，無需中央機構，從而降低成本並提高效率。

* Supply chain management: Blockchain can be used to track and verify goods as they move through different phases of a supply chain. This leads to enhanced transparency, lower incidence of fraud and more ethical sourcing.

* 供應鏈管理：區塊鏈可用於追蹤和驗證貨物在供應鏈不同階段的移動。這會提高透明度、降低詐欺發生率和更道德的採購。

Public vs. Private Blockchain for Regulated IndustriesPast preconceptions have favored private over public blockchain for regulated industries due to strict data privacy requirements, but private blockchain has drawbacks that can make it untenable — as well as less secure than public chains.

受監管行業的公共區塊鏈與私有區塊鏈由於嚴格的資料隱私要求，過去對受監管行業的先入之見傾向於私有區塊鏈而不是公共區塊鏈，但私有區塊鏈的缺點可能使其站不住腳，安全性低於公共鏈。

Private blockchains are permissioned networks where access is restricted to participants who have been granted permission to join, with the consensus process generally controlled by a single organization or consortium. Because the public at large does not have access to the code empowering the network, proponents argue that private blockchain is the better candidate for facilitating regulated enterprise transactions.

私有區塊鏈是經過許可的網絡，其存取僅限於已獲得加入許可的參與者，共識過程通常由單一組織或聯盟控制。由於廣大民眾無法存取授權網路的程式碼，支持者認為私有區塊鏈是促進受監管企業交易的更好選擇。

Indeed, regulatory pressure has resulted in nearly two-thirds of the enterprise blockchain ecosystem consisting of private blockchains. However, what these arguments miss is that public blockchain is actually very secure, and there are downsides to using private chains that can make them unsustainable — or unusable altogether.

事實上，監管壓力導致近三分之二的企業區塊鏈生態系統由私有區塊鏈組成。然而，這些論點忽略了公共區塊鏈實際上非常安全，使用私有鏈也有缺點，可能導致它們不可持續，或完全無法使用。

Some of the drawbacks of private blockchain for enterprises include the following:

企業私有區塊鏈的一些缺點包括：

* High cost: Establishing and maintaining a private blockchain network can be extremely expensive, requiring a high number of resources related to infrastructure, development and continuous operational costs. Indeed, some sources argue that private blockchains are, in essence, “cumbersome databases,” with the costs of servers, staffing and network infrastructure all falling to the controlling entity’s responsibility. These costs often make private blockchain networks impractical or untenable over time, not just for mid-sized and smaller companies but even for top global businesses such as IBM.

* 高成本：建立和維護私有區塊鏈網路可能非常昂貴，需要大量與基礎設施、開發和持續營運成本相關的資源。事實上，一些消息來源認為，私有區塊鏈本質上是“繁瑣的資料庫”，伺服器、人員和網路基礎設施的成本都由控制實體負責。隨著時間的推移，這些成本往往會使私有區塊鏈網路變得不切實際或無法維持，不僅對於中小型公司，甚至對於 IBM 等全球頂級企業也是如此。

* Difficulty with scalability and interoperability: Private blockchains may encounter scalability issues as they increase in size and complexity, especially if the underlying technology cannot adequately handle a large volume of information. One source notes that private blockchain is substantially slower and less scalable than public blockchain. Moreover, because private chains are generally built on proprietary technologies, interoperability among many institutions is often impossible to achieve, with costs making it infeasible for most private owners.

* 可擴展性和互通性方面的困難：隨著規模和複雜性的增加，私有區塊鏈可能會遇到可擴展性問題，特別是在底層技術無法充分處理大量資訊的情況下。一位消息人士指出，私有區塊鏈比公共區塊鏈速度慢得多，可擴展性也較差。此外，由於私有鏈通常建立在專有技術之上，許多機構之間的互通性往往無法實現，成本使得大多數私有鍊主無法實現。

* Security issues: The security of a private blockchain largely depends

* 安全性問題：私有鏈的安全很大程度取決於