公共区块链是受监管行业的未来

区块链具有许多潜在的好处，可以满足受监管行业的独特需求，包括金融、医疗保健、身份验证和供应链管理等。

Regulated industries, such as finance and healthcare, face unique challenges that blockchain technology is well-suited to address. These industries typically have stringent requirements, such as know your customer (KYC), anti-money laundering (AML) and data privacy regulations, which blockchain can help to meet.

金融和医疗保健等受监管行业面临着独特的挑战，而区块链技术非常适合解决这些挑战。这些行业通常有严格的要求，例如了解你的客户（KYC）、反洗钱（AML）和数据隐私法规，区块链可以帮助满足这些要求。

For instance, blockchain enables robust KYC and AML by verifying identities in real time and providing an immutable record of data and transactions for the detection of financial crime. It also facilitates secure data sharing between authorized parties by using cryptography and access controls. Finally, smart contracts on blockchain can enforce rules automatically, aiding compliance and reducing human error.

例如，区块链通过实时验证身份并提供不可变的数据和交易记录来检测金融犯罪，从而实现强大的 KYC 和 AML。它还通过使用加密和访问控制来促进授权方之间的安全数据共享。最后，区块链上的智能合约可以自动执行规则，有助于合规性并减少人为错误。

One question that arises for regulated enterprises, however, is whether public or private blockchain is preferable for these institutions. Past opinion has favored private, permissioned blockchain for such use cases to ensure maximum data privacy and protection. However, private chains come with their own set of challenges that can defeat their benefits. There are advocates on both sides, but recent innovations on public blockchain — offering all the security features of private chains plus the many benefits of public chains — may soon render this question obsolete.

然而，受监管企业面临的一个问题是，公共区块链还是私有区块链更适合这些机构。过去的观点倾向于在此类用例中使用私有的、经过许可的区块链，以确保最大限度的数据隐私和保护。然而，私有链也面临着一系列挑战，这些挑战可能会抵消它们的优势。双方都有支持者，但最近公共区块链的创新——提供私有链的所有安全功能以及公共链的许多好处——可能很快就会使这个问题变得过时。

Regulated Industries Present Special Challenges That Blockchain Is Well-Suited to Manage

受监管的行业提出了区块链非常适合管理的特殊挑战

In general, regulations exist to offer protection to industry participants, typically around data or money movement. Blockchain’s transparency and traceability have the capacity to boost trust and security while also increasing the speed and efficiency of operations.

一般来说，法规的存在是为了向行业参与者提供保护，通常是围绕数据或资金流动。区块链的透明度和可追溯性能够增强信任和安全性，同时提高运营速度和效率。

For example, in healthcare, blockchain’s distributed ledger technology can be leveraged to streamline centralization of patient records while ensuring that only authorized parties have access to their confidential data. Blockchain also offers financial services greater transactional speed and security, as well as the elimination of costly intermediaries, as in the case of cross-border payments. The technology facilitates faster and more efficient transactions compared to traditional banking methods, and its programmability through smart contracts allows for automated transactions and regulatory compliance.

例如，在医疗保健领域，可以利用区块链的分布式账本技术来简化患者记录的集中化，同时确保只有授权方才能访问其机密数据。区块链还为金融服务提供了更高的交易速度和安全性，并消除了昂贵的中介机构，例如跨境支付。与传统银行方法相比，该技术可促进更快、更高效的交易，并且其通过智能合约的可编程性可实现自动交易和监管合规性。

As the digital economy expands, the need for a stable, efficient and secure form of digital money is becoming increasingly evident. Both stablecoins and deposit tokens — digital representations of traditional bank deposits issued by regulated financial institutions — are gaining favor for this purpose.

随着数字经济的发展，对稳定、高效、安全的数字货币形式的需求日益明显。稳定币和存款代币（受监管的金融机构发行的传统银行存款的数字代表）都因此而受到青睐。

Unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are often subject to volatility, both stablecoins and deposit tokens are backed by fiat currency, making them as stable as traditional money or bank deposits. Some of the world’s largest banks are envisioning tokenized assets as crucial to the future of the global digital money landscape.

与比特币或以太坊等经常波动的加密货币不同，稳定币和存款代币均由法定货币支持，使其与传统货币或银行存款一样稳定。全球一些最大的银行认为代币化资产对于全球数字货币格局的未来至关重要。

Blockchain Use Cases for Regulated Industries

受监管行业的区块链用例

* Healthcare data protection: Blockchain can facilitate the secure sharing of healthcare data among patients and providers, while also maintaining privacy and data integrity.

* 医疗保健数据保护：区块链可以促进患者和提供者之间安全共享医疗保健数据，同时维护隐私和数据完整性。

* Identity verification: Blockchain can offer decentralized identity verification, enabling individuals to safely share their personal information without the need for identity providers.

* 身份验证：区块链可以提供去中心化的身份验证，使个人能够安全地共享其个人信息，而无需身份提供商。

* Smart contracts: Self-executing contracts, or smart contracts, can enforce contract terms automatically, avoiding the need for a central authority and resulting in reduced costs and improved efficiency.

* 智能合约：自动执行合约或智能合约可以自动执行合约条款，无需中央机构，从而降低成本并提高效率。

* Supply chain management: Blockchain can be used to track and verify goods as they move through different phases of a supply chain. This leads to enhanced transparency, lower incidence of fraud and more ethical sourcing.

* 供应链管理：区块链可用于跟踪和验证货物在供应链不同阶段的移动。这会提高透明度、降低欺诈发生率和更加道德的采购。

Public vs. Private Blockchain for Regulated IndustriesPast preconceptions have favored private over public blockchain for regulated industries due to strict data privacy requirements, but private blockchain has drawbacks that can make it untenable — as well as less secure than public chains.

受监管行业的公共区块链与私有区块链由于严格的数据隐私要求，过去对受监管行业的先入之见倾向于私有区块链而不是公共区块链，但私有区块链的缺点可能使其站不住脚，而且安全性低于公共链。

Private blockchains are permissioned networks where access is restricted to participants who have been granted permission to join, with the consensus process generally controlled by a single organization or consortium. Because the public at large does not have access to the code empowering the network, proponents argue that private blockchain is the better candidate for facilitating regulated enterprise transactions.

私有区块链是经过许可的网络，其访问仅限于已获得加入许可的参与者，共识过程通常由单个组织或联盟控制。由于广大公众无法访问授权网络的代码，支持者认为私有区块链是促进受监管企业交易的更好选择。

Indeed, regulatory pressure has resulted in nearly two-thirds of the enterprise blockchain ecosystem consisting of private blockchains. However, what these arguments miss is that public blockchain is actually very secure, and there are downsides to using private chains that can make them unsustainable — or unusable altogether.

事实上，监管压力导致近三分之二的企业区块链生态系统由私有区块链组成。然而，这些论点忽略了公共区块链实际上非常安全，并且使用私有链也有缺点，可能导致它们不可持续，或者完全无法使用。

Some of the drawbacks of private blockchain for enterprises include the following:

企业私有区块链的一些缺点包括：

* High cost: Establishing and maintaining a private blockchain network can be extremely expensive, requiring a high number of resources related to infrastructure, development and continuous operational costs. Indeed, some sources argue that private blockchains are, in essence, “cumbersome databases,” with the costs of servers, staffing and network infrastructure all falling to the controlling entity’s responsibility. These costs often make private blockchain networks impractical or untenable over time, not just for mid-sized and smaller companies but even for top global businesses such as IBM.

* 高成本：建立和维护私有区块链网络可能非常昂贵，需要大量与基础设施、开发和持续运营成本相关的资源。事实上，一些消息来源认为，私有区块链本质上是“繁琐的数据库”，服务器、人员和网络基础设施的成本都由控制实体负责。随着时间的推移，这些成本往往会使私有区块链网络变得不切实际或无法维持，不仅对于中小型公司，甚至对于 IBM 等全球顶级企业也是如此。

* Difficulty with scalability and interoperability: Private blockchains may encounter scalability issues as they increase in size and complexity, especially if the underlying technology cannot adequately handle a large volume of information. One source notes that private blockchain is substantially slower and less scalable than public blockchain. Moreover, because private chains are generally built on proprietary technologies, interoperability among many institutions is often impossible to achieve, with costs making it infeasible for most private owners.

* 可扩展性和互操作性方面的困难：随着规模和复杂性的增加，私有区块链可能会遇到可扩展性问题，特别是在底层技术无法充分处理大量信息的情况下。一位消息人士指出，私有区块链比公共区块链速度慢得多，可扩展性也较差。此外，由于私有链通常建立在专有技术之上，许多机构之间的互操作性往往无法实现，成本使得大多数私有链主无法实现。

* Security issues: The security of a private blockchain largely depends

* 安全问题：私有链的安全很大程度上取决于