在這個現代時代，分散的金融（DEFI）正在經歷革命性的轉變

在這個現代時代，分散的金融（DEFI）正在經歷革命性的轉變，超越了其初始階段，成為更先進的生態系統

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is rapidly evolving beyond its initial stages into a more advanced ecosystem, commonly referred to as DeFi 2.0. This evolution is characterized by groundbreaking innovations in smart contract infrastructure, cross-chain interoperability solutions, and AI-driven analytics.

分散的金融（DEFI）正在迅速發展到其初始階段，成為更先進的生態系統，通常稱為DEFI 2.0。這種演變的特徵是智能合同基礎設施，跨鏈互操作解決方案和AI驅動分析的開創性創新。

Likhit Mada, a researcher in blockchain technologies, provides insight into the technical advancements driving the shift.

區塊鏈技術研究人員Likhit Mada對推動轉變的技術進步提供了深入的了解。

"At the heart of DeFi's evolution lies the refinement of smart contract infrastructure, a fundamental building block of the decentralized financial system," says Mada. "Early versions of smart contracts, which are small programs that automate financial transactions without intermediaries, faced vulnerabilities such as coding errors and security loopholes."

Mada說：“ Defi的演變的核心在於智能合同基礎設施的改進，這是分散金融體系的基本組成部分。” “智能合約的早期版本是無需中介的小型計劃，它們會遇到諸如編碼錯誤和安全漏洞之類的漏洞。”

To address these challenges, DeFi 2.0 introduces optimized Solidity-based contracts that enhance efficiency, security, and gas cost management. "Event-driven architectures are being employed to render transactions more responsive to external events, while state transition functions are implemented to ensure consistency in the system's state transitions," explains Mada. "Furthermore, gas optimization techniques are being used to reduce transaction fees, rendering DeFi applications more accessible to a wider range of users."

為了應對這些挑戰，DEFI 2.0引入了優化的基於堅固的合同，以提高效率，安全性和天然氣成本管理。 Mada解釋說：“事件驅動的架構被用來使交易對外部事件的反應更快，而國家過渡功能則是確保系統狀態過渡的一致性。” “此外，正在使用氣體優化技術來減少交易費用，使更廣泛的用戶更容易訪問Defi應用程序。”

Another key challenge that has been addressed is scalability. "Layer-2 solutions, particularly rollups, are revolutionizing scalability by processing transactions in batches off-chain while ensuring their validity on the main blockchain," says Mada. "Optimistic Rollups and Zero-Knowledge (ZK) Rollups are two types of rollups that are being used to scale DeFi applications."

解決的另一個主要挑戰是可伸縮性。 Mada說：“第2層解決方案，尤其是匯總，正在通過批處理交易來徹底改變可擴展性，同時確保其在主要區塊鏈上的有效性。” “樂觀的匯總和零知識（ZK）匯總是用於擴展Defi應用程序的兩種類型的匯總類型。”

Optimistic Rollups assume transactions are valid and bundle them into a single transaction to be submitted to the main chain. If any errors are detected, a time window is provided for users to report them. In contrast, ZK Rollups use zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge) to generate a small, verifiable proof of a large computation, keeping transaction data private and performing operations off-chain.

樂觀的匯總假定交易是有效的，並將其捆綁到單個交易中以提交給主鏈。如果檢測到任何錯誤，則為用戶提供一個時間窗口。相比之下，ZK匯總使用ZK-SNARKS（零知識簡潔的非相互作用的知識參數）來生成一個小的，可驗證的大量計算的證明，使交易數據保持私密和脫鏈執行操作。

"The integration of zk-SNARKs ensures that transactions remain private while still being verifiable, further enhancing the efficiency and security of DeFi platforms," adds Mada.

Mada補充說：“ ZK-SNARKS的集成確保交易保持私密，同時仍可驗證，從而進一步提高Defi平台的效率和安全性。”

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) is also being realized in DeFi. "Dynamic risk assessment protocols are being implemented to monitor collateral positions in real time and adjust liquidation thresholds automatically, reducing the risk of unexpected liquidations during periods of market volatility," explains Mada. "Liquidity-as-a-Service (LaaS) models, where platforms manage their own liquidity, are also being developed to improve capital efficiency and stability."

人工智能（AI）的潛力也在Defi中實現。 Mada解釋說：“正在實施動態風險評估方案，以實時監視抵押職位並自動調整清算閾值，從而降低市場波動期間意外清算的風險。” “流動性-As-Service（LAAS）模型，平台管理自己的流動性，也正在開發出來，以提高資本效率和穩定性。”

The growing number of DeFi protocols has also led to the development of aggregators, which simplify user interactions by providing a unified interface that connects multiple protocols. "These aggregators use advanced routing algorithms to scan different platforms and find the best trading rates, taking into account factors such as liquidity depth, fees, and price impact," says Mada. "The algorithms then optimize transactions by selecting the most advantageous routes and executing trades accordingly."

越來越多的DEFI協議也導致了聚合器的開發，從而通過提供連接多個協議的統一接口來簡化用戶交互。 Mada說：“這些聚合器使用先進的路由算法來掃描不同的平台並找到最佳的交易率，這是考慮到流動性深度，費用和價格影響的因素。” “然後，算法通過選擇最有利的路線並相應地執行交易來優化交易。”

Moreover, the integration of AI is enabling new possibilities in decision-making and portfolio management. "AI-driven analytics can be used to assess market trends, identify risks, and automate trading strategies, while federated learning techniques can be employed to ensure user data privacy and enable the creation of more accurate predictive models," says Mada. "AI-powered tools can also be used to provide personalized investment strategies, taking into account individual risk tolerances and financial goals, ultimately helping users to maximize their returns."

此外，AI的集成正在為決策和投資組合管理提供新的可能性。 Mada說：“ AI驅動的分析可用於評估市場趨勢，確定風險和自動化交易策略，而可以採用聯合學習技術來確保用戶數據隱私並實現更準確的預測模型。” “考慮到個人風險承受能力和財務目標，最終幫助用戶最大化其回報率，也可以使用AI驅動的工具提供個性化的投資策略。”

Finally, cross-chain interoperability solutions are breaking down the silos between different blockchain networks. "Bridge protocols facilitate the seamless transfer of assets between chains, resolving scalability bottlenecks and improving transaction efficiency," says Mada. "Multi-signature verification and time-lock mechanisms are used to enhance security, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing trust."

最後，跨鏈互操作性解決方案正在分解不同區塊鍊網絡之間的筒倉。 Mada說：“橋樑協議有助於在連鎖店之間無縫轉移資產，解決可擴展性瓶頸並提高交易效率。” “使用多簽名驗證和時間鎖定機制來增強安全性，減少脆弱性和增加信任。”

The implementation of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) as a consensus mechanism is another innovation that has far-reaching implications. Unlike traditional Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems, which require intensive computational power to validate transactions and maintain the blockchain, PoS relies on stake-based validation.

實施證明（POS）作為共識機制是具有深遠影響的另一種創新。與傳統的工作證明（POW）系統不同，需要密集的計算能力來驗證交易和維護區塊鏈，POS依賴於基於股份的驗證。

"This approach is significantly more energy-efficient, making it a more sustainable solution for the long term," notes Mada. "To prevent malicious activity, validator selection is based on their economic stake in the system, with slashing penalties imposed for offenses such as double-signing or downtime."

Mada指出：“這種方法明顯提高能節能，從而使其成為長期可持續的解決方案。” “為了防止惡意活動，驗證者的選擇是基於其在系統中的經濟股份，對諸如雙重簽名或停機時間等罪行施加了巨大的懲罰。”

The potential of blockchain technology is being realized in groundbreaking ways, and its applications are set to expand even further in the years to come.

區塊鏈技術的潛力正在以開創性的方式實現，其應用程序將在未來幾年內進一步擴展。