在这个现代时代，分散的金融（DEFI）正在经历革命性的转变

在这个现代时代，分散的金融（DEFI）正在经历革命性的转变，超越了其初始阶段，成为更先进的生态系统

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is rapidly evolving beyond its initial stages into a more advanced ecosystem, commonly referred to as DeFi 2.0. This evolution is characterized by groundbreaking innovations in smart contract infrastructure, cross-chain interoperability solutions, and AI-driven analytics.

分散的金融（DEFI）正在迅速发展到其初始阶段，成为更先进的生态系统，通常称为DEFI 2.0。这种演变的特征是智能合同基础设施，跨链互操作解决方案和AI驱动分析的开创性创新。

Likhit Mada, a researcher in blockchain technologies, provides insight into the technical advancements driving the shift.

区块链技术研究人员Likhit Mada对推动转变的技术进步提供了深入的了解。

"At the heart of DeFi's evolution lies the refinement of smart contract infrastructure, a fundamental building block of the decentralized financial system," says Mada. "Early versions of smart contracts, which are small programs that automate financial transactions without intermediaries, faced vulnerabilities such as coding errors and security loopholes."

Mada说：“ Defi的演变的核心在于智能合同基础设施的改进，这是分散金融体系的基本组成部分。” “智能合约的早期版本是无需中介的小型计划，它们会遇到诸如编码错误和安全漏洞之类的漏洞。”

To address these challenges, DeFi 2.0 introduces optimized Solidity-based contracts that enhance efficiency, security, and gas cost management. "Event-driven architectures are being employed to render transactions more responsive to external events, while state transition functions are implemented to ensure consistency in the system's state transitions," explains Mada. "Furthermore, gas optimization techniques are being used to reduce transaction fees, rendering DeFi applications more accessible to a wider range of users."

为了应对这些挑战，DEFI 2.0引入了优化的基于坚固的合同，以提高效率，安全性和天然气成本管理。 Mada解释说：“事件驱动的架构被用来使交易对外部事件的反应更快，而国家过渡功能则是确保系统状态过渡的一致性。” “此外，正在使用气体优化技术来减少交易费用，使更广泛的用户更容易访问Defi应用程序。”

Another key challenge that has been addressed is scalability. "Layer-2 solutions, particularly rollups, are revolutionizing scalability by processing transactions in batches off-chain while ensuring their validity on the main blockchain," says Mada. "Optimistic Rollups and Zero-Knowledge (ZK) Rollups are two types of rollups that are being used to scale DeFi applications."

解决的另一个主要挑战是可伸缩性。 Mada说：“第2层解决方案，尤其是汇总，正在通过批处理交易来彻底改变可扩展性，同时确保其在主要区块链上的有效性。” “乐观的汇总和零知识（ZK）汇总是用于扩展Defi应用程序的两种类型的汇总类型。”

Optimistic Rollups assume transactions are valid and bundle them into a single transaction to be submitted to the main chain. If any errors are detected, a time window is provided for users to report them. In contrast, ZK Rollups use zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge) to generate a small, verifiable proof of a large computation, keeping transaction data private and performing operations off-chain.

乐观的汇总假定交易是有效的，并将其捆绑到单个交易中以提交给主链。如果检测到任何错误，则为用户提供一个时间窗口。相比之下，ZK汇总使用ZK-SNARKS（零知识简洁的非相互作用的知识参数）来生成一个小的，可验证的大量计算的证明，使交易数据保持私密和脱链执行操作。

"The integration of zk-SNARKs ensures that transactions remain private while still being verifiable, further enhancing the efficiency and security of DeFi platforms," adds Mada.

Mada补充说：“ ZK-SNARKS的集成确保交易保持私密，同时仍可验证，从而进一步提高Defi平台的效率和安全性。”

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) is also being realized in DeFi. "Dynamic risk assessment protocols are being implemented to monitor collateral positions in real time and adjust liquidation thresholds automatically, reducing the risk of unexpected liquidations during periods of market volatility," explains Mada. "Liquidity-as-a-Service (LaaS) models, where platforms manage their own liquidity, are also being developed to improve capital efficiency and stability."

人工智能（AI）的潜力也在Defi中实现。 Mada解释说：“正在实施动态风险评估方案，以实时监视抵押职位并自动调整清算阈值，从而降低市场波动期间意外清算的风险。” “流动性-As-Service（LAAS）模型，平台管理自己的流动性，也正在开发出来，以提高资本效率和稳定性。”

The growing number of DeFi protocols has also led to the development of aggregators, which simplify user interactions by providing a unified interface that connects multiple protocols. "These aggregators use advanced routing algorithms to scan different platforms and find the best trading rates, taking into account factors such as liquidity depth, fees, and price impact," says Mada. "The algorithms then optimize transactions by selecting the most advantageous routes and executing trades accordingly."

越来越多的DEFI协议也导致了聚合器的开发，从而通过提供连接多个协议的统一接口来简化用户交互。 Mada说：“这些聚合器使用先进的路由算法来扫描不同的平台并找到最佳的交易率，这是考虑到流动性深度，费用和价格影响的因素。” “然后，算法通过选择最有利的路线并相应地执行交易来优化交易。”

Moreover, the integration of AI is enabling new possibilities in decision-making and portfolio management. "AI-driven analytics can be used to assess market trends, identify risks, and automate trading strategies, while federated learning techniques can be employed to ensure user data privacy and enable the creation of more accurate predictive models," says Mada. "AI-powered tools can also be used to provide personalized investment strategies, taking into account individual risk tolerances and financial goals, ultimately helping users to maximize their returns."

此外，AI的集成正在为决策和投资组合管理提供新的可能性。 Mada说：“ AI驱动的分析可用于评估市场趋势，确定风险和自动化交易策略，而可以采用联合学习技术来确保用户数据隐私并实现更准确的预测模型。” “考虑到个人风险承受能力和财务目标，最终帮助用户最大化其回报率，也可以使用AI驱动的工具提供个性化的投资策略。”

Finally, cross-chain interoperability solutions are breaking down the silos between different blockchain networks. "Bridge protocols facilitate the seamless transfer of assets between chains, resolving scalability bottlenecks and improving transaction efficiency," says Mada. "Multi-signature verification and time-lock mechanisms are used to enhance security, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing trust."

最后，跨链互操作性解决方案正在分解不同区块链网络之间的筒仓。 Mada说：“桥梁协议有助于在连锁店之间无缝转移资产，解决可扩展性瓶颈并提高交易效率。” “使用多签名验证和时间锁定机制来增强安全性，减少脆弱性和增加信任。”

The implementation of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) as a consensus mechanism is another innovation that has far-reaching implications. Unlike traditional Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems, which require intensive computational power to validate transactions and maintain the blockchain, PoS relies on stake-based validation.

实施证明（POS）作为共识机制是具有深远影响的另一种创新。与传统的工作证明（POW）系统不同，需要密集的计算能力来验证交易和维护区块链，POS依赖于基于股份的验证。

"This approach is significantly more energy-efficient, making it a more sustainable solution for the long term," notes Mada. "To prevent malicious activity, validator selection is based on their economic stake in the system, with slashing penalties imposed for offenses such as double-signing or downtime."

Mada指出：“这种方法明显提高能节能，从而使其成为长期可持续的解决方案。” “为了防止恶意活动，验证者的选择是基于其在系统中的经济股份，对诸如双重签名或停机时间等罪行施加了巨大的惩罚。”

The potential of blockchain technology is being realized in groundbreaking ways, and its applications are set to expand even further in the years to come.

区块链技术的潜力正在以开创性的方式实现，其应用程序将在未来几年内进一步扩展。