拉里·齊茲曼（Larry Zeitzmann

華盛頓密蘇里州華盛頓的拉里·齊伊茨曼（Larry Zeitzmann）花了數十年的時間倡導對消防員安全的更全面的了解

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A new report by the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has highlighted the critical role of Community Risk Reduction (CRR) in improving the safety and longevity of firefighters. The report, titled "Improving the Safety and Health of the Nation's Firefighters," underscores the urgent need for a more comprehensive approach to firefighter well-being, extending beyond immediate incidents to encompass broader community risk mitigation.

美國國家科學院，工程和醫學學院的一份新報告強調了社區風險降低（CRR）在改善消防員的安全和壽命方面的關鍵作用。該報告的標題為“改善了國家消防員的安全和健康”，強調了對消防員健康的更全面方法的迫切需求，超越了直接的事件，以涵蓋更廣泛的社區風險減輕風險。

This report comes at a crucial time, as firefighters are increasingly exposed to carcinogens, experience high rates of heart disease and other chronic illnesses, and face an unacceptably high rate of death in the line of duty. The report authors, including Lance Benner, chair of the committee that wrote the report, and John Kisko, study director, present a compelling case for a fundamental paradigm shift in how society views and prioritizes firefighter safety.

這份報告是至關重要的，因為消防員越來越接觸致癌物，心髒病和其他慢性疾病的率很高，並且在職責範圍內面臨著令人難以置信的高死亡率。該報告的作者，包括撰寫報告的委員會主席蘭斯·本納（Lance Benner），研究主任約翰·基斯科（John Kisko）提出了一個令人信服的案例，以實現社會如何看待和優先考慮消防員安全的基本範式轉變。

The report identifies several key strategies for improving firefighter safety and health. These include:

該報告確定了改善消防員安全和健康的幾種關鍵策略。其中包括：

* Adopting a broader definition of firefighter safety. Traditional definitions of firefighter safety focus narrowly on the fireground and immediate risks to firefighters. However, the report argues that a more comprehensive approach is needed, one that begins with the prevention of incidents in the first place. This broader perspective aligns closely with the principles of Community Risk Reduction (CRR).

*採用更廣泛的消防員安全定義。消防員安全的傳統定義狹義地集中在消防員身上，對消防員的直接風險。但是，該報告認為需要一種更全面的方法，這首先是從預防事件開始的。這種更廣泛的觀點與降低社區風險的原則（CRR）緊密吻合。

According to Benner, "Congress was clear in its mandate to examine not only the immediate hazards firefighters face at an incident, but also the underlying causes of incidents and the role of firefighters in broader community safety efforts."

據本納說：“國會的任務明確審查了一場事件中的直接危害消防員面臨的直接危害，而且還審查了事件的根本原因以及消防員在更廣泛的社區安全工作中的作用。”

* Investing in Community Risk Reduction (CRR) programs. CRR programs aim to identify and reduce the risk factors that contribute to fires, other emergencies, and other safety issues in communities. Programs like smoke alarm installation, carbon monoxide detector placement, and fall prevention programs for seniors can significantly decrease the incidence of emergencies, ultimately leading to safer communities and healthier firefighters.

*投資降低社區風險（CRR）計劃。 CRR計劃旨在識別和減少造成火災，其他緊急情況和其他安全問題的風險因素。諸如煙霧報警器安裝，一氧化碳檢測器放置和老年人秋季預防計劃之類的計劃可以大大降低緊急情況的發生，最終導致更安全的社區和更健康的消防員。

"The committee found that Community Risk Reduction programs are a valuable investment in both community well-being and firefighter safety," said Kisko. "These programs can help to prevent emergencies, reduce the severity of incidents, and improve the overall health and quality of life in communities."

Kisko說：“委員會發現，降低社區風險計劃是對社區福祉和消防員安全的寶貴投資。” “這些計劃可以幫助防止緊急情況，減少事件的嚴重性，並改善社區的整體健康和生活質量。”

* Increasing awareness of the health risks faced by firefighters. Firefighters are exposed to a variety of carcinogens and other toxins in the course of their duties. They are also at an elevated risk for heart disease, hearing loss, and other chronic illnesses. The report recommends increasing awareness of these risks among firefighters, their families, and the broader public.

*增加對消防員面臨的健康風險的認識。消防員在職責中暴露於各種致癌物和其他毒素。他們的心髒病，聽力喪失和其他慢性病的風險也較高。該報告建議在消防員，家人和更廣泛的公眾中提高人們對這些風險的認識。

"It's important to understand that firefighters face a unique set of health challenges due to the demanding nature of their work and the exposures they encounter," noted Benner. "This report provides valuable insights into these risks and suggests strategies for their management."

本納指出：“重要的是要了解，由於他們的工作苛刻性質和遇到的暴露，消防員面臨著一系列獨特的健康挑戰。” “本報告為這些風險提供了寶貴的見解，並為其管理層提出了策略。”

The report also calls for several institutional changes to support the safety and health of firefighters. These changes include:

該報告還要求進行幾次機構變更，以支持消防員的安全和健康。這些更改包括：

* Establishing a new federal agency for fire safety. The report suggests that the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission could be reorganized to include a broader mandate in fire safety, encompassing both product safety and broader community risk reduction efforts. This would create a more cohesive and comprehensive approach to fire safety at the federal level.

*建立新的聯邦消防安全機構。該報告表明，可以重新組織美國消費者產品安全委員會，包括更廣泛的消防安全性，包括產品安全性和更廣泛的社區風險降低工作。這將在聯邦一級為消防安全提供更加凝聚力，全面的方法。

* Instituting a national program for the collection of firefighter injury and illness data. Accurate data is essential for understanding the scope of the problem and measuring the impact of different programs and interventions. The report recommends that a national program be established to collect and analyze data on firefighter injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.

*制定一項國家計劃，以收集消防員傷害和疾病數據。準確的數據對於理解問題的範圍並衡量不同程序和乾預措施的影響至關重要。該報告建議建立一項國家計劃，以收集和分析有關消防員傷害，疾病和死亡的數據。

* Expanding the role of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in conducting research on firefighter safety and health. As the leading federal agency for research on occupational safety and health, NIOSH is well-positioned to conduct critical studies on topics such as cancer risk among firefighters, the long-term impact of firefighting exposures, and the effectiveness of different safety technologies.

*擴大國家職業安全與健康研究所（NIOSH）在進行消防員安全與健康研究中的作用。作為領先的職業安全與健康研究機構，NIOSH備受勝任，可以對消防員中的癌症風險，消防暴露的長期影響以及不同安全技術的有效性進行批判性研究。

The report's findings and recommendations are timely and urgent, given the increasing demands on fire departments and the critical role they play in protecting lives and property. As the report authors conclude, a collective effort is needed to ensure that firefighters have the knowledge, skills, and equipment they need to perform their duties safely and that they are able to return home healthy to their families at the end of every shift.

鑑於對消防部門的需求越來越多，以及他們在保護生命和財產中所起的關鍵作用，該報告的發現和建議是及時而緊迫的。正如報告作者所總結的那樣，需要集體努力，以確保消防員擁有安全履行職責所需的知識，技能和設備，並且他們能夠在每次轉變結束時都能使家人健康。