拉里·齐兹曼（Larry Zeitzmann

华盛顿密苏里州华盛顿的拉里·齐伊茨曼（Larry Zeitzmann）花了数十年的时间倡导对消防员安全的更全面的了解

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A new report by the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has highlighted the critical role of Community Risk Reduction (CRR) in improving the safety and longevity of firefighters. The report, titled "Improving the Safety and Health of the Nation's Firefighters," underscores the urgent need for a more comprehensive approach to firefighter well-being, extending beyond immediate incidents to encompass broader community risk mitigation.

美国国家科学院，工程和医学学院的一份新报告强调了社区风险降低（CRR）在改善消防员的安全和寿命方面的关键作用。该报告的标题为“改善了国家消防员的安全和健康”，强调了对消防员健康的更全面方法的迫切需求，超越了直接的事件，以涵盖更广泛的社区风险减轻风险。

This report comes at a crucial time, as firefighters are increasingly exposed to carcinogens, experience high rates of heart disease and other chronic illnesses, and face an unacceptably high rate of death in the line of duty. The report authors, including Lance Benner, chair of the committee that wrote the report, and John Kisko, study director, present a compelling case for a fundamental paradigm shift in how society views and prioritizes firefighter safety.

这份报告是至关重要的，因为消防员越来越接触致癌物，心脏病和其他慢性疾病的率很高，并且在职责范围内面临着令人难以置信的高死亡率。该报告的作者，包括撰写报告的委员会主席兰斯·本纳（Lance Benner），研究主任约翰·基斯科（John Kisko）提出了一个令人信服的案例，以实现社会如何看待和优先考虑消防员安全的基本范式转变。

The report identifies several key strategies for improving firefighter safety and health. These include:

该报告确定了改善消防员安全和健康的几种关键策略。其中包括：

* Adopting a broader definition of firefighter safety. Traditional definitions of firefighter safety focus narrowly on the fireground and immediate risks to firefighters. However, the report argues that a more comprehensive approach is needed, one that begins with the prevention of incidents in the first place. This broader perspective aligns closely with the principles of Community Risk Reduction (CRR).

*采用更广泛的消防员安全定义。消防员安全的传统定义狭义地集中在消防员身上，对消防员的直接风险。但是，该报告认为需要一种更全面的方法，这首先是从预防事件开始的。这种更广泛的观点与降低社区风险的原则（CRR）紧密吻合。

According to Benner, "Congress was clear in its mandate to examine not only the immediate hazards firefighters face at an incident, but also the underlying causes of incidents and the role of firefighters in broader community safety efforts."

据本纳说：“国会的任务明确审查了一场事件中的直接危害消防员面临的直接危害，而且还审查了事件的根本原因以及消防员在更广泛的社区安全工作中的作用。”

* Investing in Community Risk Reduction (CRR) programs. CRR programs aim to identify and reduce the risk factors that contribute to fires, other emergencies, and other safety issues in communities. Programs like smoke alarm installation, carbon monoxide detector placement, and fall prevention programs for seniors can significantly decrease the incidence of emergencies, ultimately leading to safer communities and healthier firefighters.

*投资降低社区风险（CRR）计划。 CRR计划旨在识别和减少造成火灾，其他紧急情况和其他安全问题的风险因素。诸如烟雾报警器安装，一氧化碳检测器放置和老年人秋季预防计划之类的计划可以大大降低紧急情况的发生，最终导致更安全的社区和更健康的消防员。

"The committee found that Community Risk Reduction programs are a valuable investment in both community well-being and firefighter safety," said Kisko. "These programs can help to prevent emergencies, reduce the severity of incidents, and improve the overall health and quality of life in communities."

Kisko说：“委员会发现，降低社区风险计划是对社区福祉和消防员安全的宝贵投资。” “这些计划可以帮助防止紧急情况，减少事件的严重性，并改善社区的整体健康和生活质量。”

* Increasing awareness of the health risks faced by firefighters. Firefighters are exposed to a variety of carcinogens and other toxins in the course of their duties. They are also at an elevated risk for heart disease, hearing loss, and other chronic illnesses. The report recommends increasing awareness of these risks among firefighters, their families, and the broader public.

*增加对消防员面临的健康风险的认识。消防员在职责中暴露于各种致癌物和其他毒素。他们的心脏病，听力丧失和其他慢性病的风险也较高。该报告建议在消防员，家人和更广泛的公众中提高人们对这些风险的认识。

"It's important to understand that firefighters face a unique set of health challenges due to the demanding nature of their work and the exposures they encounter," noted Benner. "This report provides valuable insights into these risks and suggests strategies for their management."

本纳指出：“重要的是要了解，由于他们的工作苛刻性质和遇到的暴露，消防员面临着一系列独特的健康挑战。” “本报告为这些风险提供了宝贵的见解，并为其管理层提出了策略。”

The report also calls for several institutional changes to support the safety and health of firefighters. These changes include:

该报告还要求进行几次机构变更，以支持消防员的安全和健康。这些更改包括：

* Establishing a new federal agency for fire safety. The report suggests that the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission could be reorganized to include a broader mandate in fire safety, encompassing both product safety and broader community risk reduction efforts. This would create a more cohesive and comprehensive approach to fire safety at the federal level.

*建立新的联邦消防安全机构。该报告表明，可以重新组织美国消费者产品安全委员会，包括更广泛的消防安全性，包括产品安全性和更广泛的社区风险降低工作。这将在联邦一级为消防安全提供更加凝聚力，全面的方法。

* Instituting a national program for the collection of firefighter injury and illness data. Accurate data is essential for understanding the scope of the problem and measuring the impact of different programs and interventions. The report recommends that a national program be established to collect and analyze data on firefighter injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.

*制定一项国家计划，以收集消防员伤害和疾病数据。准确的数据对于理解问题的范围并衡量不同程序和干预措施的影响至关重要。该报告建议建立一项国家计划，以收集和分析有关消防员伤害，疾病和死亡的数据。

* Expanding the role of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in conducting research on firefighter safety and health. As the leading federal agency for research on occupational safety and health, NIOSH is well-positioned to conduct critical studies on topics such as cancer risk among firefighters, the long-term impact of firefighting exposures, and the effectiveness of different safety technologies.

*扩大国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）在进行消防员安全与健康研究中的作用。作为领先的职业安全与健康研究机构，NIOSH备受胜任，可以对消防员中的癌症风险，消防暴露的长期影响以及不同安全技术的有效性进行批判性研究。

The report's findings and recommendations are timely and urgent, given the increasing demands on fire departments and the critical role they play in protecting lives and property. As the report authors conclude, a collective effort is needed to ensure that firefighters have the knowledge, skills, and equipment they need to perform their duties safely and that they are able to return home healthy to their families at the end of every shift.

鉴于对消防部门的需求越来越多，以及他们在保护生命和财产中所起的关键作用，该报告的发现和建议是及时而紧迫的。正如报告作者所总结的那样，需要集体努力，以确保消防员拥有安全履行职责所需的知识，技能和设备，并且他们能够在每次转变结束时都能使家人健康。