為什麼大多數 L2 都是“反烏托邦噩夢”

Cyber​​ Capital 創始人兼首席投資官賈斯汀·邦斯 (Justin Bons) 的嚴厲批評在加密貨幣社區引發了兩極分化的爭論

Cyber Capital founder Justin Bons has sharply criticized several Layer-2 (L2) solutions on Ethereum, sparking a polarizing debate in the crypto community over the level of decentralization offered by these networks.

Cyber​​ Capital 創辦人 Justin Bons 尖銳地批評了以太坊上的幾種第 2 層 (L2) 解決方案，引發了加密社群對這些網路提供的去中心化程度的兩極分化爭論。

In a recent analysis, Bons took aim at Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and other L2s, arguing that they pose significant centralization risks. These risks stem from the use of multi-sig controls and centralized sequencers, which could allow network operators to manipulate transaction order for profit or even freeze user funds.

在最近的一項分析中，Bons 將矛頭指向了 Arbitrum、Base、Optimism 和其他 L2，認為它們構成了重大的中心化風險。這些風險源自於多重簽章控制和集中排序器的使用，這可能允許網路業者操縱交易訂單以獲取利潤，甚至凍結用戶資金。

According to Bons, Arbitrum and Base are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on multi-sig controls and permissioned proposers. This setup could lead to scenarios where user funds are instantly accessible by a centralized authority.

根據 Bons 的說法，Arbitrum 和 Base 由於依賴多重簽章控制和經過許可的提議者而特別容易受到攻擊。這種設定可能會導致集中機構可以立即存取用戶資金的情況。

“Arbitrum – Can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, has permissioned proposers, centralized operator can exploit MEV & centralized sequencer can censor,” Bons wrote, adding that “Base can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, permissioned proposer can also steal all user funds, the centralized validator can freeze all funds, a centralized operator can exploit MEV & the centralized sequencer can censor.”

Bons 寫道：「Arbitrum – 可以透過多重簽名立即竊取所有用戶資金，已獲得許可的提議者，集中運營商可以利用MEV，集中排序器可以進行審查。」他補充說，「Base 可以透過多重簽名立即竊取所有用戶資金，獲得許可的提議者還可以竊取所有用戶資金，中心化驗證器可以凍結所有資金，中心化操作員可以利用 MEV，中心化排序器可以進行審查。

Similarly, Bons highlighted the potential for centralized operators to exploit maximal extractable value (MEV) and censor transactions on Optimism and other networks.

同樣，Bons 強調了中心化營運商在 Optimism 和其他網路上利用最大可提取價值 (MEV) 和審查交易的潛力。

“Optimism – Can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, the centralized operator can exploit MEV & centralized sequencer can censor,” he noted.

「樂觀——可以透過多重簽名立即竊取所有用戶資金，集中運營商可以利用 MEV，集中排序器可以進行審查，」他指出。

Furthermore, Bons criticized networks like Blast for having mechanisms that could freeze user funds under specific conditions, such as insufficient liquidity on the bridge, and raised concerns about censorship by centralized sequencers.

此外，Bons 批評 Blast 等網路擁有在特定條件下凍結用戶資金的機制，例如橋上流動性不足，並提出了對中心化排序器審查制度的擔憂。

Several industry figures reacted to Bons' statement, with crypto pundit DBCrypto (@DBCrypt0) echoing his sentiments and accusing Ethereum maximalists of being blind if they believe in the decentralization of these platforms despite the “evidence” to the contrary.

幾位行業人士對Bons 的聲明做出了反應，加密貨幣專家DBCrypto (@DBCrypt0) 呼應了他的觀點，並指責以太坊極端主義者如果相信這些平台的去中心化，儘管有「證據」相反，但他們是盲目的。

questioning the economic incentives for such L2s to adopt a shared sequencer model, given the significant earnings at stake, DBCrypto wrote, “Coinbase currently makes how many millions a month off Base? OP and ARB hold around 50% L2 market share currently? Will they choose to join a shared sequencer and give up much of their earnings?”

DBCrypto 質疑此類 L2 採用共享排序器模型的經濟動機，考慮到所涉及的巨大收益，寫道：「Coinbase 目前每月從 Base 賺取多少百萬美元？ OP和ARB目前佔據了50%左右的L2市場份額？他們會選擇加入共享測序儀並放棄大部分收入嗎？

Responding to such comments, Bons expressed his concerns about the broader implications of these design choices, emphasizing a lack of consideration for social and economic impacts.

在回應這些評論時，邦斯表達了他對這些設計選擇的更廣泛影響的擔憂，強調缺乏對社會和經濟影響的考慮。

“Some of it can be explained by the naivity of engineers only thinking about technical problems, not social ones,” Bons said, adding that “VCs make much more money off ETH in the short term if it continues with L2 scaling.”

Bons 表示：“部分原因是工程師們天真地只考慮技術問題，而不是社會問題。”他補充道，“如果 ETH 繼續進行 L2 擴容，短期內風投公司會從 ETH 上賺到更多錢。”

At press time, ETH was trading at $3,049.

截至發稿時，ETH 交易價格為 3,049 美元。