为什么大多数 L2 都是“反乌托邦噩梦”

Cyber​​ Capital 创始人兼首席投资官贾斯汀·邦斯 (Justin Bons) 的严厉批评在加密货币社区引发了两极分化的争论

Cyber Capital founder Justin Bons has sharply criticized several Layer-2 (L2) solutions on Ethereum, sparking a polarizing debate in the crypto community over the level of decentralization offered by these networks.

Cyber​​ Capital 创始人贾斯汀·邦斯 (Justin Bons) 尖锐批评了以太坊上的几种第 2 层 (L2) 解决方案，引发了加密社区对这些网络提供的去中心化程度的两极分化争论。

In a recent analysis, Bons took aim at Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and other L2s, arguing that they pose significant centralization risks. These risks stem from the use of multi-sig controls and centralized sequencers, which could allow network operators to manipulate transaction order for profit or even freeze user funds.

在最近的一项分析中，Bons 将矛头指向了 Arbitrum、Base、Optimism 和其他 L2，认为它们构成了重大的中心化风险。这些风险源于多重签名控制和集中排序器的使用，这可能允许网络运营商操纵交易订单以获取利润，甚至冻结用户资金。

According to Bons, Arbitrum and Base are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on multi-sig controls and permissioned proposers. This setup could lead to scenarios where user funds are instantly accessible by a centralized authority.

根据 Bons 的说法，Arbitrum 和 Base 由于依赖多重签名控制和经过许可的提议者而特别容易受到攻击。这种设置可能会导致集中机构可以立即访问用户资金的情况。

“Arbitrum – Can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, has permissioned proposers, centralized operator can exploit MEV & centralized sequencer can censor,” Bons wrote, adding that “Base can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, permissioned proposer can also steal all user funds, the centralized validator can freeze all funds, a centralized operator can exploit MEV & the centralized sequencer can censor.”

Bons 写道：“Arbitrum – 可以通过多重签名立即窃取所有用户资金，已获得许可的提议者，集中运营商可以利用 MEV，集中排序器可以进行审查。”他补充说，“Base 可以通过多重签名立即窃取所有用户资金，获得许可的提议者还可以窃取所有用户资金，中心化验证器可以冻结所有资金，中心化操作员可以利用 MEV，中心化排序器可以进行审查。”

Similarly, Bons highlighted the potential for centralized operators to exploit maximal extractable value (MEV) and censor transactions on Optimism and other networks.

同样，Bons 强调了中心化运营商在 Optimism 和其他网络上利用最大可提取价值 (MEV) 和审查交易的潜力。

“Optimism – Can steal all user funds instantly with a multi-sig, the centralized operator can exploit MEV & centralized sequencer can censor,” he noted.

“乐观——可以通过多重签名立即窃取所有用户资金，集中运营商可以利用 MEV，集中排序器可以进行审查，”他指出。

Furthermore, Bons criticized networks like Blast for having mechanisms that could freeze user funds under specific conditions, such as insufficient liquidity on the bridge, and raised concerns about censorship by centralized sequencers.

此外，Bons 批评 Blast 等网络拥有在特定条件下冻结用户资金的机制，例如桥上流动性不足，并提出了对中心化排序器审查制度的担忧。

Several industry figures reacted to Bons' statement, with crypto pundit DBCrypto (@DBCrypt0) echoing his sentiments and accusing Ethereum maximalists of being blind if they believe in the decentralization of these platforms despite the “evidence” to the contrary.

几位行业人士对 Bons 的声明做出了反应，加密货币专家 DBCrypto (@DBCrypt0) 呼应了他的观点，并指责以太坊极端主义者如果相信这些平台的去中心化，尽管有“证据”相反，但他们是盲目的。

questioning the economic incentives for such L2s to adopt a shared sequencer model, given the significant earnings at stake, DBCrypto wrote, “Coinbase currently makes how many millions a month off Base? OP and ARB hold around 50% L2 market share currently? Will they choose to join a shared sequencer and give up much of their earnings?”

DBCrypto 质疑此类 L2 采用共享排序器模型的经济动机，考虑到所涉及的巨大收益，写道：“Coinbase 目前每月从 Base 赚取多少百万美元？ OP和ARB目前占据L2市场50%左右的份额？他们会选择加入共享测序仪并放弃大部分收入吗？”

Responding to such comments, Bons expressed his concerns about the broader implications of these design choices, emphasizing a lack of consideration for social and economic impacts.

在回应这些评论时，邦斯表达了他对这些设计选择的更广泛影响的担忧，强调缺乏对社会和经济影响的考虑。

“Some of it can be explained by the naivity of engineers only thinking about technical problems, not social ones,” Bons said, adding that “VCs make much more money off ETH in the short term if it continues with L2 scaling.”

Bons 表示：“部分原因是工程师们天真地只考虑技术问题，而不是社会问题。”他补充道，“如果 ETH 继续进行 L2 扩容，短期内风投公司会从 ETH 上赚到更多钱。”

At press time, ETH was trading at $3,049.

截至发稿时，ETH 交易价格为 3,049 美元。