簡介：俄羅斯與非法加密礦業的鬥爭

在俄羅斯，特別是在西伯利亞等能源豐富的地區，非法的加密貨幣開採已成為一個緊迫的問題。

Introduction: Russia’s Battle Against Illegal Crypto Mining

簡介：俄羅斯與非法加密礦業的鬥爭

Illegal cryptocurrency mining has emerged as a pressing issue in Russia, particularly in energy-rich regions like Siberia. Cold temperatures and low electricity costs have made Siberia a hotspot for unauthorized mining operations. These operations exploit the local power grid, leading to financial losses and infrastructural strain. This article delves into Russia’s efforts to combat illegal crypto mining, the challenges faced, and the broader implications for the cryptocurrency industry.

在俄羅斯，特別是在西伯利亞等能源豐富的地區，非法的加密貨幣開採已成為一個緊迫的問題。寒冷的溫度和低電力成本使西伯利亞成為未經授權採礦業務的熱點。這些操作利用了當地電網，導致財務損失和基礎設施壓力。本文深入研究了俄羅斯為打擊非法加密礦業，面臨的挑戰以及對加密貨幣行業的更廣泛影響的努力。

The Rise of Illegal Crypto Mining in Siberia

西伯利亞非法加密開采的興起

Why Siberia is a Target for Illegal Mining

為什麼西伯利亞是非法採礦的目標

Siberia’s unique combination of cold temperatures and abundant hydropower makes it an attractive location for cryptocurrency mining. The cold climate reduces cooling costs for mining rigs, while the availability of cheap electricity lowers operational expenses. However, these advantages have also led to a surge in unauthorized mining operations.

西伯利亞的寒冷溫度和豐富的水力發電的獨特組合使其成為加密貨幣採礦的有吸引力的位置。寒冷的氣候降低了採礦鑽機的冷卻成本，而廉價電力的可用性則降低了運營費用。但是，這些優勢也導致未經授權的採礦業務激增。

These operations typically involve connecting large numbers of mining rigs directly to the local electrical grid without proper authorization or registration. This activity is usually carried out in abandoned buildings or other secluded locations to avoid detection.

這些操作通常涉及將大量採礦鑽機直接連接到無需適當授權或註冊的情況下。這項活動通常是在廢棄的建築物或其他僻靜地點進行的，以避免發現。

Case Study: The Krivodanovsky Rural Council Incident

案例研究：Krivodanovsky農村委員會事件

In a recent case, a local government official in the Krivodanovsky Rural Council was accused of running an illegal cryptocurrency mining operation. Commencing in June 2022 and continuing until June 2023, the official allegedly connected 10 special devices for cryptocurrency mining to the Krivodanovsky Rural Council’s electrical grid.

在最近的一個案件中，克里沃達諾諾夫斯基農村委員會的一名地方政府官員被指控進行非法加密貨幣開採行動。據稱，該官員於2022年6月開始，一直持續到2023年6月，該官員將10個特殊設備連接到了Krivodanovsky農村委員會的電網上。

To connect the mining rigs, the official reportedly used makeshift methods, including piercing clamps and making an incision in an overhead power line. This activity resulted in financial losses of about $61,350 for the Krivodanovsky Rural Council, and the official’s garage was found to be overflowing with equipment.

為了連接採礦鑽機，據報導，該官員使用了臨時方法，包括刺穿夾具和在高架電源線上進行切口。這項活動導致Krivodanovsky農村委員會的財務損失約為61,350美元，發現該官員的車庫裡充滿了設備。

After examining the seized equipment, investigators determined that the total value of the 16 cryptocurrency mining rigs confiscated from the official’s garage was estimated at over $11,300.

在檢查了扣押的設備後，調查人員確定從官員車庫沒收的16個加密貨幣開採鑽機的總價值估計為11,300美元。

The Krivodanovsky Rural Council official now faces up to five years in prison under Article 165 of the Russian Criminal Code for these actions.

Krivodanovsky農村委員會官員現在根據《俄羅斯刑法》第165條針對這些行動面臨最高五年的監禁。

Russia’s Regulatory Measures to Combat Illegal Mining

俄羅斯的監管措施打擊非法採礦

New Laws and Seasonal Bans

新法律和季節性禁令

In November 2024, President Vladimir Putin signed new laws regulating cryptocurrency mining and creating experimental infrastructure for cross-border payments. The laws aim to curb illegal mining activities, such as those that have affected the energy sector, and set the stage for using blockchain technology in sanctioned activities.

2024年11月，總統弗拉基米爾·普京（Vladimir Putin）簽署了新的法律，該法律規定了加密貨幣開採並為跨境支付創建實驗基礎設施。該法律旨在遏制非法採礦活動，例如影響能源部門的非法採礦活動，並為在批准活動中使用區塊鏈技術奠定了基礎。

Earlier this year, seasonal bans on cryptocurrency mining were introduced in several Russian regions, including Irkutsk, Buryatia, and the North Caucasus. These bans, imposed during the winter months to address electricity shortages, varied in duration and scope.

今年早些時候，在包括Irkutsk，Buryatia和North Cauccasus在內的幾個俄羅斯地區引入了對加密貨幣開采的季節性禁令。這些禁令在冬季施加以解決電力短缺的情況，持續時間和範圍各不相同。

In Irkutsk, the ban on cryptocurrency mining was set to last from November 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024, and applied to any activity related to cryptocurrency production. Meanwhile, in Buryatia, the ban was scheduled to begin on December 1, 2023, and last for three months.

在Irkutsk，對加密貨幣開采的禁令定於2023年11月1日至2024年3月1日持續使用，並應用於與加密貨幣生產有關的任何活動。同時，該禁令定於2023年12月1日開始，持續了三個月。

North Caucasus economic authorities also announced a ban on cryptocurrency mining from November 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024, due to concerns over electricity shortages.

北高加索經濟當局還宣布，由於對電力短缺的擔憂，從2023年11月1日至2024年3月1日禁止加密貨幣開採。

Targeting Energy-Intensive Regions

針對能​​源密集型區域

Authorities have focused their efforts on hydropower-rich areas like Novosibirsk, where the low electricity costs have attracted numerous cryptocurrency mining operations.

當局將精力集中在水力發電富裕地區，例如Novosibirsk，低電力成本吸引了許多加密貨幣採礦業務。

These operations, often carried out in abandoned buildings or other secluded locations, have reportedly led to significant financial losses for local energy companies. Moreover, by bypassing legal channels and exploiting the power grid, they contribute to broader economic and infrastructural challenges.

據報導，這些運營經常在廢棄的建築物或其他僻靜的地點進行，導致當地能源公司造成了巨大的財務損失。此外，通過繞過法律渠道並利用電網，它們有助於更廣泛的經濟和基礎設施挑戰。

Earlier this year, the Novosibirsk branch of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) uncovered an organized group that had been engaged in large-scale cryptocurrency mining since 2020. The group, composed of seven individuals, is accused of stealing electricity worth over 50 million rubles ($521,000) from a local energy company.

今年早些時候，俄羅斯聯邦安全服務局（FSB）的諾瓦西比里爾斯克分支機構發現了一個有組織的組織，該組織自2020年以來從事大規模加密貨幣開採。該集團由七個人組成，被指控從當地的能源公司竊取了價值超過5000萬盧布（521,000美元）的電力。

The FSB officers conducted searches at the suspects’ residences and confiscated a significant amount of computer equipment, including 100 video cards, 30 central processing units (CPUs), and 60 units of other specialized equipment used for cryptocurrency mining.

FSB官員在嫌疑人的住所進行了搜索，並沒收了大量計算機設備，包括100張視頻卡，30個中央處理單元（CPU）和60個用於加密貨幣挖掘的其他專用設備。

The members of the organized group are now facing charges of theft, which carries a penalty of up to six years in prison.

現在，有組織的團體的成員面臨盜竊罪，該指控將被判入獄六年。

The Broader Implications of Illegal Mining

非法採礦的更廣泛含義

Economic and Infrastructural Impact

經濟和基礎設施影響

Beyond the financial losses incurred by energy companies, illegal cryptocurrency mining operations can have broader economic and social implications for local communities.

除了能源公司造成的財務損失之外，非法的加密貨幣採礦業務還可以對當地社區產生更廣泛的經濟和社會影響。

Unauthorized connections to power lines can create electrical hazards, putting nearby residents at risk. Additionally, the strain on the power grid can affect the stability of electricity supply for legitimate users, including businesses and households.

未經授權的電源連接會造成電氣危害，使附近的居民處於危險之中。此外，電網的壓力會影響合法用戶（包括企業和家庭）電力供應的穩定性。

Geopolitical Concerns

地緣政治問題

Russia’s ‘shadow territories,’ such as Transnistria and Donbas, have become hubs for large-scale Bitcoin mining, according to Chainalysis. These

根據Chainalysis，俄羅斯的“影子領土”，例如Transnistria和Donbas，已成為大型比特幣採礦的樞紐。這些