简介：俄罗斯与非法加密矿业的斗争

在俄罗斯，特别是在西伯利亚等能源丰富的地区，非法的加密货币开采已成为一个紧迫的问题。

Introduction: Russia’s Battle Against Illegal Crypto Mining

简介：俄罗斯与非法加密矿业的斗争

Illegal cryptocurrency mining has emerged as a pressing issue in Russia, particularly in energy-rich regions like Siberia. Cold temperatures and low electricity costs have made Siberia a hotspot for unauthorized mining operations. These operations exploit the local power grid, leading to financial losses and infrastructural strain. This article delves into Russia’s efforts to combat illegal crypto mining, the challenges faced, and the broader implications for the cryptocurrency industry.

在俄罗斯，特别是在西伯利亚等能源丰富的地区，非法的加密货币开采已成为一个紧迫的问题。寒冷的温度和低电力成本使西伯利亚成为未经授权采矿业务的热点。这些操作利用了当地电网，导致财务损失和基础设施压力。本文深入研究了俄罗斯为打击非法加密矿业，面临的挑战以及对加密货币行业的更广泛影响的努力。

The Rise of Illegal Crypto Mining in Siberia

西伯利亚非法加密开采的兴起

Why Siberia is a Target for Illegal Mining

为什么西伯利亚是非法采矿的目标

Siberia’s unique combination of cold temperatures and abundant hydropower makes it an attractive location for cryptocurrency mining. The cold climate reduces cooling costs for mining rigs, while the availability of cheap electricity lowers operational expenses. However, these advantages have also led to a surge in unauthorized mining operations.

西伯利亚的寒冷温度和丰富的水力发电的独特组合使其成为加密货币采矿的有吸引力的位置。寒冷的气候降低了采矿钻机的冷却成本，而廉价电力的可用性则降低了运营费用。但是，这些优势也导致未经授权的采矿业务激增。

These operations typically involve connecting large numbers of mining rigs directly to the local electrical grid without proper authorization or registration. This activity is usually carried out in abandoned buildings or other secluded locations to avoid detection.

这些操作通常涉及将大量采矿钻机直接连接到无需适当授权或注册的情况下。这项活动通常是在废弃的建筑物或其他僻静地点进行的，以避免发现。

Case Study: The Krivodanovsky Rural Council Incident

案例研究：Krivodanovsky农村委员会事件

In a recent case, a local government official in the Krivodanovsky Rural Council was accused of running an illegal cryptocurrency mining operation. Commencing in June 2022 and continuing until June 2023, the official allegedly connected 10 special devices for cryptocurrency mining to the Krivodanovsky Rural Council’s electrical grid.

在最近的一个案件中，克里沃达诺诺夫斯基农村委员会的一名地方政府官员被指控进行非法加密货币开采行动。据称，该官员于2022年6月开始，一直持续到2023年6月，该官员将10个特殊设备连接到了Krivodanovsky农村委员会的电网上。

To connect the mining rigs, the official reportedly used makeshift methods, including piercing clamps and making an incision in an overhead power line. This activity resulted in financial losses of about $61,350 for the Krivodanovsky Rural Council, and the official’s garage was found to be overflowing with equipment.

为了连接采矿钻机，据报道，该官员使用了临时方法，包括刺穿夹具和在高架电源线上进行切口。这项活动导致Krivodanovsky农村委员会的财务损失约为61,350美元，发现该官员的车库里充满了设备。

After examining the seized equipment, investigators determined that the total value of the 16 cryptocurrency mining rigs confiscated from the official’s garage was estimated at over $11,300.

在检查了扣押的设备后，调查人员确定从官员车库没收的16个加密货币开采钻机的总价值估计为11,300美元。

The Krivodanovsky Rural Council official now faces up to five years in prison under Article 165 of the Russian Criminal Code for these actions.

Krivodanovsky农村委员会官员现在根据《俄罗斯刑法》第165条针对这些行动面临最高五年的监禁。

Russia’s Regulatory Measures to Combat Illegal Mining

俄罗斯的监管措施打击非法采矿

New Laws and Seasonal Bans

新法律和季节性禁令

In November 2024, President Vladimir Putin signed new laws regulating cryptocurrency mining and creating experimental infrastructure for cross-border payments. The laws aim to curb illegal mining activities, such as those that have affected the energy sector, and set the stage for using blockchain technology in sanctioned activities.

2024年11月，总统弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）签署了新的法律，该法律规定了加密货币开采并为跨境支付创建实验基础设施。该法律旨在遏制非法采矿活动，例如影响能源部门的非法采矿活动，并为在批准活动中使用区块链技术奠定了基础。

Earlier this year, seasonal bans on cryptocurrency mining were introduced in several Russian regions, including Irkutsk, Buryatia, and the North Caucasus. These bans, imposed during the winter months to address electricity shortages, varied in duration and scope.

今年早些时候，在包括Irkutsk，Buryatia和North Cauccasus在内的几个俄罗斯地区引入了对加密货币开采的季节性禁令。这些禁令在冬季施加以解决电力短缺的情况，持续时间和范围各不相同。

In Irkutsk, the ban on cryptocurrency mining was set to last from November 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024, and applied to any activity related to cryptocurrency production. Meanwhile, in Buryatia, the ban was scheduled to begin on December 1, 2023, and last for three months.

在Irkutsk，对加密货币开采的禁令定于2023年11月1日至2024年3月1日持续使用，并应用于与加密货币生产有关的任何活动。同时，该禁令定于2023年12月1日开始，持续了三个月。

North Caucasus economic authorities also announced a ban on cryptocurrency mining from November 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024, due to concerns over electricity shortages.

北高加索经济当局还宣布，由于对电力短缺的担忧，从2023年11月1日至2024年3月1日禁止加密货币开采。

Targeting Energy-Intensive Regions

针对能源密集型区域

Authorities have focused their efforts on hydropower-rich areas like Novosibirsk, where the low electricity costs have attracted numerous cryptocurrency mining operations.

当局将精力集中在水力发电富裕地区，例如Novosibirsk，低电力成本吸引了许多加密货币采矿业务。

These operations, often carried out in abandoned buildings or other secluded locations, have reportedly led to significant financial losses for local energy companies. Moreover, by bypassing legal channels and exploiting the power grid, they contribute to broader economic and infrastructural challenges.

据报道，这些运营经常在废弃的建筑物或其他僻静的地点进行，导致当地能源公司造成了巨大的财务损失。此外，通过绕过法律渠道并利用电网，它们有助于更广泛的经济和基础设施挑战。

Earlier this year, the Novosibirsk branch of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) uncovered an organized group that had been engaged in large-scale cryptocurrency mining since 2020. The group, composed of seven individuals, is accused of stealing electricity worth over 50 million rubles ($521,000) from a local energy company.

今年早些时候，俄罗斯联邦安全服务局（FSB）的诺瓦西比里尔斯克分支机构发现了一个有组织的组织，该组织自2020年以来从事大规模加密货币开采。该集团由七个人组成，被指控从当地的能源公司窃取了价值超过5000万卢布（521,000美元）的电力。

The FSB officers conducted searches at the suspects’ residences and confiscated a significant amount of computer equipment, including 100 video cards, 30 central processing units (CPUs), and 60 units of other specialized equipment used for cryptocurrency mining.

FSB官员在嫌疑人的住所进行了搜索，并没收了大量计算机设备，包括100张视频卡，30个中央处理单元（CPU）和60个用于加密货币挖掘的其他专用设备。

The members of the organized group are now facing charges of theft, which carries a penalty of up to six years in prison.

现在，有组织的团体的成员面临盗窃罪，该指控将被判入狱六年。

The Broader Implications of Illegal Mining

非法采矿的更广泛含义

Economic and Infrastructural Impact

经济和基础设施影响

Beyond the financial losses incurred by energy companies, illegal cryptocurrency mining operations can have broader economic and social implications for local communities.

除了能源公司造成的财务损失之外，非法的加密货币采矿业务还可以对当地社区产生更广泛的经济和社会影响。

Unauthorized connections to power lines can create electrical hazards, putting nearby residents at risk. Additionally, the strain on the power grid can affect the stability of electricity supply for legitimate users, including businesses and households.

未经授权的电源连接会造成电气危害，使附近的居民处于危险之中。此外，电网的压力会影响合法用户（包括企业和家庭）电力供应的稳定性。

Geopolitical Concerns

地缘政治问题

Russia’s ‘shadow territories,’ such as Transnistria and Donbas, have become hubs for large-scale Bitcoin mining, according to Chainalysis. These

根据Chainalysis，俄罗斯的“影子领土”，例如Transnistria和Donbas，已成为大型比特币采矿的枢纽。这些