貨幣的未來：穩定幣和無銀行帳戶的人

在 2024 年倫敦區塊鏈會議上，一個小組討論了偶爾棘手的穩定幣問題，尤其是私人公司發行的穩定幣

At the London Blockchain Conference 2024, a panel discussion centered on the role of stablecoins, particularly those issued by private firms, in on-chain digital payment solutions. The panel was moderated by Sebastian Ploetzeneder, Senior Strategy Manager and Public Affairs Director U.K. for enterprise blockchain technology firm nChain. Ploetzeneder’s guests included Reginald Tumusiime, President of the Blockchain Association of Uganda; Bernhard Müller, General Manager/Chairman at Zurich-based digital payments operator Centi Ltd; and Harbind Likhari, VP of Trading And Exchange Services with the self-custodial RockWallet.

在 2024 年倫敦區塊鏈會議上，小組討論的重點是穩定幣（尤其是私人公司發行的穩定幣）在鏈上數位支付解決方案中的作用。該小組由企業區塊鏈技術公司 nChain 的英國高級戰略經理兼公共事務總監 Sebastian Ploetzeneder 主持。 Ploetzeneder 的嘉賓包括烏幹達區塊鏈協會主席 Reginald Tumusiime； Bernhard Müller，蘇黎世數位支付營運商 Centi Ltd 總經理/董事長；哈賓德·利卡里 (Harbind Likhari)，負責自我託管 RockWallet 的交易和兌換服務副總裁。

Ploetzeneder began by asking Müller about CCHF, a Swiss franc-based token that became the first native stablecoin on the BSV blockchain in March 2023. Müller noted that CCHF is “capable of radical micropayments,” unlike some well-known stablecoins. Earlier this year, Centi processed one million one-cent CCHF transactions in a single 24-hour period as a demonstration at the Finovate Europe 2024 conference.

Ploetzeneder 首先向Müller 詢問CCHF 的情況，CCHF 是一種基於瑞士法郎的代幣，於2023 年3 月成為BSV 區塊鏈上的第一個本地穩定幣。 ，「能夠進行激進的小額支付」。今年早些時候，Centi 在 24 小時內處理了 100 萬筆 1 美分的 CCHF 交易，作為 Finovate Europe 2024 會議上的演示。

CCHF is also a stablecoin outlier due to Centi’s willingness to sell the token directly to consumers, rather than requiring users to purchase the token via a digital asset exchange. Centi has partnered with thousands of Swiss merchants to enable the use of CCHF for everyday purchases.

CCHF 也是一種穩定幣，因為 Centi 願意將代幣直接出售給消費者，而不是要求用戶透過數位資產交易所購買代幣。 Centi 已與數千家瑞士商家合作，以支援使用 CCHF 進行日常購物。

With CCHF fully backed by a Swiss bank guarantee, Müller said Centi was looking to “build consumer trust” in stablecoins, something currently lacking given the refusal by Tether (USDT) to submit to a third-party audit and Circle (USDC) almost losing $3.3 billion following Silicon Valley Bank’s 2023 collapse.

Müller 表示，CCHF 得到了瑞士銀行擔保的完全支持，Centi 正在尋求“建立消費者對穩定幣的信任”，而鑑於Tether (USDT) 拒絕接受第三方審計以及Circle (USDC) 幾乎失敗，目前尚缺乏這種信任。

Centi has also highlighted its ability to transform remittance services to African countries, prompting Ploetzeneder to ask Tumusiime what African firms are looking for in terms of payments.

Centi 也強調了其向非洲國家轉變匯款服務的能力，促使 Ploetzeneder 向 Tumusiime 詢問非洲公司在支付方面的需求。

Tumusiime, who has a track record with small and medium enterprises (SME) as well as in private equity, noted Africa’s unique history with “mobile money” via major telecom operators such as Safaricom, Airtel, and others. Tumusiime said Safaricom’s MPESA and Airtel Money are “basically privately issued money.”

Tumusiime 在中小企業 (SME) 以及私募股權領域擁有豐富的經驗，他指​​出非洲透過 Safaricom、Airtel 等主要電信業者實現「行動貨幣」的獨特歷史。 Tumusiime 表示，Safaricom 的 MPESA 和 Airtel Money「基本上是私人發行的貨幣」。

However, Tumusiime emphasized that it’s crucial to realize that Africa’s telcos weren’t usurping the role of central bankers. “All they did was have money that is circulating through their networks backed by actual cash in trust accounts in the largest banks in their respective markets. So you’re providing infrastructure to enable payments across the country, but not necessarily creating a new currency.”

然而，Tumusiime 強調，意識到非洲電信公司沒有篡奪央行總裁的角色至關重要。 「他們所做的只是讓資金透過其網路流通，並由各自市場最大銀行的信託帳戶中的實際現金支持。因此，你提供基礎設施以實現全國範圍內的支付，但不一定要創造一種新貨幣。

Regardless, the central banks of several East African countries are now “having discussions about a monetary union, how do we merge our currencies. There’s nothing better than CBDC’s [central bank digital currencies] to solve this problem.” Tumusiime pointed to an International Monetary Fund (IMF) survey that found 75% of countries in sub-Saharan Africa were “thinking of some form of CBDC.”

不管怎樣，幾個東非國家的央行現在正在「討論貨幣聯盟，以及如何合併我們的貨幣。沒有什麼比 CBDC 的[央行數位貨幣]更好地解決這個問題。 Tumusiime 指出，國際貨幣基金組織 (IMF) 的一項調查發現，75% 的撒哈拉以南非洲國家「正在考慮某種形式的 CBDC」。

According to Tumusiime, the telcos had identified “a gap in financial inclusion” that was leaving large segments of African populations unbanked. In addition, Tumusiime said lately he’d noticed “a bit of complacence within these telcos,” leading to increased remittance fees and higher thresholds for the minimum amount of money you can send, among other inconveniences.

據 Tumusiime 稱，電信公司發現了“金融包容性方面的差距”，導致很大一部分非洲人口沒有銀行帳戶。此外，Tumusiime 最近表示，他注意到“這些電信公司內部有些自滿”，導致匯款費用增加、可匯出的最低金額門檻更高，以及其他不便。

Tumusiime’s CapitalSavvy is now “leveraging on the success of mobile money to provide a better solution” using blockchain. Tumusiime noted that regulation is usually a bottleneck in most jurisdictions, but African countries’ years of experience with mobile money mean that “there’s no better positioned region to have a fast use case for privately issued money.”

Tumusiime 的 CapitalSavvy 現在正在使用區塊鏈「利用行動貨幣的成功提供更好的解決方案」。 Tumusiime 指出，監管通常是大多數司法管轄區的瓶頸，但非洲國家多年的行動貨幣經驗意味著“沒有比這更好的地區可以快速使用私人發行的貨幣。”

RockWallet’s Likhari said banking was one of the biggest challenges in the digital asset space. Most top-tier banks remain skittish about blockchain-related activities, forcing companies to deal with second-tier banks “where the services generally aren’t as fluid.”

RockWallet 的 Likhari 表示，銀行業是數位資產領域面臨的最大挑戰之一。大多數頂級銀行仍然對區塊鏈相關活動感到不安，迫使公司與「服務通常不那麼流暢」的二線銀行打交道。

This constrained access to fiat channels also impacts RockWallet’s customers. “Whether they want to go long or short a particular asset, they keep the proceeds in stablecoins at the end of trading. In order to keep investing again and again, they use stablecoins as value transfer between themselves and other entities.” In other words, they’re willing to pay for the convenience or (more appropriately) the lack of inconvenience involved in converting digital assets to fiat and vice versa.

這種對法定管道的限制也影響了 RockWallet 的客戶。 「無論他們想做多還是做空特定資產，他們都會在交易結束時將收益保留在穩定幣中。為了不斷地進行投資，他們使用穩定幣作為自己和其他實體之間的價值轉移。換句話說，他們願意為將數位資產轉換為法定貨幣所帶來的便利或（更恰當地說）避免不便而付出代價，反之亦然。

Likhari observed that Ethereum users were once happy to pay high ‘gas’ fees to ensure their transactions were processed swiftly, reasoning that they “would likely pay the same amount wiring funds from one bank to another.” But as the market has evolved, “we’re seeing people wanting to cut down on all fees.”

Likhari 觀察到，以太坊用戶曾經樂意支付高額「汽油」費，以確保他們的交易得到迅速處理，理由是他們「可能會從一家銀行向另一家銀行支付相同金額的電匯資金」。但隨著市場的發展，“我們看到人們希望削減所有費用。”

Likhari cited the “new generation of coins” that offer extremely low transaction fees—like MNEE, the BSV-based stablecoin that

Likhari 提到了交易費用極低的“新一代代幣”，例如 MNEE，這是一種基於 BSV 的穩定幣，