以太坊合併：它是什麼以及何時發生？

以太坊基金會在八月宣布：“經過多年的努力，以太坊的權益證明昇級終於到來了”

Ethereum, the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency, is preparing for a complete overhaul of its underlying technology next month in the most radical move yet by the crypto industry to address environmental concerns.

全球第二大加密貨幣以太坊正準備在下個月對其基礎技術進行全面檢修，這是加密產業迄今為止為解決環境問題而採取的最激進的舉措。

Announced by the Ethereum Foundation in August, the first part of the upgrade will begin on 6 September, 202, with the second and final stage expected to be completed at some point between 10-20 September, most likely 15 September.

以太坊基金會在8 月宣布，升級的第一部分將於202 年9 月6 日開始，第二階段也是最後階段預計將在9 月10 日至20 日之間的某個時間完成，最有可能是9 月15 日。

Here’s everything you need to know about what’s set to take place.

以下是您需要了解的有關即將發生的事情的所有資訊。

What is the Ethereum Merge and when will it happen?

什麼是以太坊合併以及何時發生？

The switch to proof-of-stake (PoS) will see Ethereum’s entire underlying network ditch the energy guzzling proof-of-work (PoW) system, which currently involves using powerful computers to solve complex puzzles in order to maintain the security of the network, mine new units of the cryptocurrency and verify transactions.

轉向股權證明（PoS）將使以太坊的整個底層網路放棄耗能的工作量證明（PoW）系統，該系統目前涉及使用強大的電腦來解決複雜的難題，以維護網路的安全，挖掘新的加密貨幣單位並驗證交易。

The new system instead does all this by using existing stakeholders as the consensus mechanism, with some estimates suggesting that the switch to PoS will reduce Ethereum’s electricity consumption by a factor of 1,000.

相反，新系統透過使用現有利益相關者作為共識機制來完成這一切，一些估計表明，轉向 PoS 將使以太坊的電力消耗減少 1,000 倍。

Currently, the network uses an incredible amount of energy to power the PoW system, which is roughly equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of Portugal.

目前，該網路使用大量能源為 PoW 系統供電，大致相當於葡萄牙一年的用電量。

The switch to PoS has been planned for years, and was initially set to take place in 2021. However, the complexity of the upgrade and the need to ensure that everything runs smoothly has seen the date pushed back several times.

向 PoS 的轉變已經計劃多年，最初定於 2021 年進行。

Now, finally, it appears to be just around the corner with the Ethereum developers setting a date for the first part of the upgrade, which will begin on 6 September, 202.

現在，以太坊開發人員終於確定了升級第一部分的日期，即 202 年 9 月 6 日開始，這似乎已經指日可待。

From there, the network will take around two days to reach a difficulty level known as the Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD), which will then trigger the Bellatrix upgrade on 10 September.

從那時起，網路將需要大約兩天的時間才能達到稱為終端總難度 (TTD) 的難度級別，然後將在 9 月 10 日觸發 Bellatrix 升級。

The final stage of the Merge is then expected to take place between 10-20 September, depending on the hashrate of the network, with 15 September being the most likely date.

合併的最後階段預計將在 9 月 10 日至 20 日之間進行，具體取決於網路的算力，其中最有可能的日期是 9 月 15 日。

Once the hashrate reaches a certain level, a new block will be created on the PoS chain, and the PoW chain will be abandoned by the majority of the network.

一旦算力達到一定水平，PoS鏈上就會創造一個新的區塊，而PoW鏈將被大多數網路拋棄。

This will leave behind a small group of miners who will continue to operate on the PoW chain, essentially creating a new cryptocurrency.

這將留下一小群礦工，他們將繼續在 PoW 鏈上運行，本質上是創造一種新的加密貨幣。

What is the Ethereum Merge controversy?

以太坊合併爭議是什麼？

When the Merge occurs, the network will essentially split in two, creating a PoS chain and a PoW chain. It is not the first time a leading cryptocurrency has experienced a major fork – bitcoin, which still uses PoW, has been forked numerous times to create spin-offs like Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold – and each time there is the risk that users do not adopt the new version.

當合併發生時，網路實際上將一分為二，創建 PoS 鍊和 PoW 鏈。這並不是領先的加密貨幣第一次經歷重大分叉——仍然使用PoW 的比特幣已經被分叉了無數次，以創造出比特幣現金和比特幣黃金等衍生品——而且每次都存在使用者不接受分叉的風險。

The decentralised nature of cryptocurrencies mean there is no authority to enforce which chain is used, though there will need to be consensus among Ethereum-based projects and NFT marketplaces like OpenSea, which will suddenly have duplicates of non-fungible tokens hosted on each of the Ethereum blockchains. Deciding which is the “real” NFT may ultimately be up to the market.

加密貨幣的去中心化性質意味著沒有權力強制使用哪條鏈，儘管基於以太坊的項目和 OpenSea 等 NFT 市場之間需要共識，OpenSea 會突然在每個鏈上託管不可替代代幣的副本。以太坊區塊鏈。決定哪一個是「真正的」NFT 可能最終取決於市場。

Some crypto advocates, who value decentralisation over environmental credentials, also argue that PoS moves away from the core tenets of cryptocurrency by creating greater centralisation and control by large stakeholders.

一些重視去中心化而非環境憑證的加密貨幣倡導者也認為，PoS 透過讓大型利害關係人實現更大的集中化和控製而背離了加密貨幣的核心原則。

The other big resistance comes from those currently mining Ethereum, who have invested huge amounts of money into the equipment needed to mine it. All of their computers used to generate their income will be completely unnecessary with a PoS system.

另一個巨大的阻力來自目前正在開採以太坊的人，他們在開採以太坊所需的設備上投入了大量資金。使用 PoS 系統，他們所有用於產生收入的電腦將完全不​​再需要。

Will the Ethereum price continue to rise after the Merge?

合併後以太幣價格會繼續上漲嗎？

This is currently the $200 billion question. Ethereum’s market cap has doubled since hitting a yearly low in June of just above $100 billion.

這是目前價值 2000 億美元的問題。自 6 月觸及略高於 1000 億美元的年度低點以來，以太坊的市值已經翻了一番。

It still remains way off its peak of more than $550 billion, which it hit during last year’s crypto bull run, but it has managed to significantly outperform the rest of the market in the build up to the Merge.

它距離去年加密貨幣牛市期間創下的超過 5500 億美元的峰值仍有很大差距，但在合併的過程中，它的表現已顯著優於市場的其他部分。

“While attempting to second guess what will actually happen next is of course the preserve of the trader, the Merge continues to captivate a growing audience, and has coincided with a rally in bitcoin and traditional stocks,” market analysts at the crypto exchange Bitfinex wrote in a recent note.

加密貨幣交易所Bitfinex 的市場分析師寫道：「雖然試圖猜測接下來實際會發生什麼當然是交易者的職責，但合併繼續吸引越來越多的受眾，並且恰逢比特幣和傳統股票的上漲。

“We are living through a once-in-a-lifetime moment and are watching technical evolution happen before our eyes. We look forward to welcoming a new Ethereum, an Ethereum that consumes less energy and brings long-term scalability, and security to the community.”

「我們正經歷著千載難逢的時刻，並目睹著科技的演變發生在我們眼前。我們期待著迎接一個新的以太坊，一個消耗更少能源並為社區帶來長期可擴展性和安全性的以太坊。

If the transition is smooth and consensus is reached early, then confidence will be high for the latest price rally to continue.

如果過渡順利並儘早達成共識，那麼人們對最近的價格上漲持續下去的信心將會很高。

Could Ethereum ‘flip’ bitcoin after the Merge?

合併後以太幣能否「翻轉」比特幣？

The excitement surrounding the Merge has once again led to speculation that Ethereum could finally fulfill the hypothetical “flippening”, whereby

圍繞合併的興奮再次引發了人們的猜測，即以太坊最終可能實現假設的“翻轉”，即