以太坊合并：它是什么以及何时发生？

以太坊基金会在八月份宣布：“经过多年的努力，以太坊的权益证明升级终于到来了”

Ethereum, the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency, is preparing for a complete overhaul of its underlying technology next month in the most radical move yet by the crypto industry to address environmental concerns.

全球第二大加密货币以太坊正准备在下个月对其基础技术进行全面检修，这是加密行业迄今为止为解决环境问题而采取的最激进的举措。

Announced by the Ethereum Foundation in August, the first part of the upgrade will begin on 6 September, 202, with the second and final stage expected to be completed at some point between 10-20 September, most likely 15 September.

以太坊基金会在 8 月份宣布，升级的第一部分将于 202 年 9 月 6 日开始，第二阶段也是最后阶段预计将在 9 月 10 日至 20 日之间的某个时间完成，最有可能是 9 月 15 日。

Here’s everything you need to know about what’s set to take place.

以下是您需要了解的有关即将发生的事情的所有信息。

What is the Ethereum Merge and when will it happen?

什么是以太坊合并以及何时发生？

The switch to proof-of-stake (PoS) will see Ethereum’s entire underlying network ditch the energy guzzling proof-of-work (PoW) system, which currently involves using powerful computers to solve complex puzzles in order to maintain the security of the network, mine new units of the cryptocurrency and verify transactions.

转向股权证明（PoS）将使以太坊的整个底层网络放弃耗能的工作量证明（PoW）系统，该系统目前涉及使用强大的计算机来解决复杂的难题，以维护网络的安全，挖掘新的加密货币单位并验证交易。

The new system instead does all this by using existing stakeholders as the consensus mechanism, with some estimates suggesting that the switch to PoS will reduce Ethereum’s electricity consumption by a factor of 1,000.

相反，新系统通过使用现有利益相关者作为共识机制来完成这一切，一些估计表明，转向 PoS 将使以太坊的电力消耗减少 1,000 倍。

Currently, the network uses an incredible amount of energy to power the PoW system, which is roughly equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of Portugal.

目前，该网络使用大量能源为 PoW 系统供电，大致相当于葡萄牙一年的用电量。

The switch to PoS has been planned for years, and was initially set to take place in 2021. However, the complexity of the upgrade and the need to ensure that everything runs smoothly has seen the date pushed back several times.

向 PoS 的转变已经计划多年，最初定于 2021 年进行。然而，由于升级的复杂性以及确保一切顺利运行的需要，日期被推迟了好几次。

Now, finally, it appears to be just around the corner with the Ethereum developers setting a date for the first part of the upgrade, which will begin on 6 September, 202.

现在，以太坊开发人员终于确定了升级第一部分的日期，即 202 年 9 月 6 日开始，这似乎已经指日可待。

From there, the network will take around two days to reach a difficulty level known as the Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD), which will then trigger the Bellatrix upgrade on 10 September.

从那时起，网络将需要大约两天的时间才能达到称为终端总难度 (TTD) 的难度级别，然后将在 9 月 10 日触发 Bellatrix 升级。

The final stage of the Merge is then expected to take place between 10-20 September, depending on the hashrate of the network, with 15 September being the most likely date.

合并的最后阶段预计将在 9 月 10 日至 20 日之间进行，具体取决于网络的算力，其中最有可能的日期是 9 月 15 日。

Once the hashrate reaches a certain level, a new block will be created on the PoS chain, and the PoW chain will be abandoned by the majority of the network.

一旦算力达到一定水平，PoS链上就会创建一个新的区块，而PoW链将被大多数网络抛弃。

This will leave behind a small group of miners who will continue to operate on the PoW chain, essentially creating a new cryptocurrency.

这将留下一小群矿工，他们将继续在 PoW 链上运行，本质上是创造一种新的加密货币。

What is the Ethereum Merge controversy?

以太坊合并争议是什么？

When the Merge occurs, the network will essentially split in two, creating a PoS chain and a PoW chain. It is not the first time a leading cryptocurrency has experienced a major fork – bitcoin, which still uses PoW, has been forked numerous times to create spin-offs like Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold – and each time there is the risk that users do not adopt the new version.

当合并发生时，网络实际上将一分为二，创建 PoS 链和 PoW 链。这并不是领先的加密货币第一次经历重大分叉——仍然使用 PoW 的比特币已经被分叉了无数次，以创造出比特币现金和比特币黄金等衍生品——而且每次都存在用户不接受分叉的风险。采用新版本。

The decentralised nature of cryptocurrencies mean there is no authority to enforce which chain is used, though there will need to be consensus among Ethereum-based projects and NFT marketplaces like OpenSea, which will suddenly have duplicates of non-fungible tokens hosted on each of the Ethereum blockchains. Deciding which is the “real” NFT may ultimately be up to the market.

加密货币的去中心化性质意味着没有权力强制使用哪条链，尽管基于以太坊的项目和 OpenSea 等 NFT 市场之间需要达成共识，OpenSea 会突然在每个链上托管不可替代代币的副本。以太坊区块链。决定哪一个是“真正的”NFT 可能最终取决于市场。

Some crypto advocates, who value decentralisation over environmental credentials, also argue that PoS moves away from the core tenets of cryptocurrency by creating greater centralisation and control by large stakeholders.

一些重视去中心化而非环境凭证的加密货币倡导者也认为，PoS 通过让大型利益相关者实现更大的集中化和控制而背离了加密货币的核心原则。

The other big resistance comes from those currently mining Ethereum, who have invested huge amounts of money into the equipment needed to mine it. All of their computers used to generate their income will be completely unnecessary with a PoS system.

另一个巨大的阻力来自那些目前正在开采以太坊的人，他们在开采以太坊所需的设备上投入了大量资金。使用 PoS 系统，他们所有用于产生收入的计算机将完全不再需要。

Will the Ethereum price continue to rise after the Merge?

合并后以太坊价格会继续上涨吗？

This is currently the $200 billion question. Ethereum’s market cap has doubled since hitting a yearly low in June of just above $100 billion.

这是目前价值 2000 亿美元的问题。自 6 月份触及略高于 1000 亿美元的年度低点以来，以太坊的市值已经翻了一番。

It still remains way off its peak of more than $550 billion, which it hit during last year’s crypto bull run, but it has managed to significantly outperform the rest of the market in the build up to the Merge.

它距离去年加密货币牛市期间创下的超过 5500 亿美元的峰值仍有很大差距，但在合并的过程中，它的表现已显着优于市场的其他部分。

“While attempting to second guess what will actually happen next is of course the preserve of the trader, the Merge continues to captivate a growing audience, and has coincided with a rally in bitcoin and traditional stocks,” market analysts at the crypto exchange Bitfinex wrote in a recent note.

加密货币交易所 Bitfinex 的市场分析师写道：“虽然试图猜测接下来实际会发生什么当然是交易者的职责，但合并继续吸引着越来越多的受众，并且恰逢比特币和传统股票的上涨。”在最近的一份笔记中。

“We are living through a once-in-a-lifetime moment and are watching technical evolution happen before our eyes. We look forward to welcoming a new Ethereum, an Ethereum that consumes less energy and brings long-term scalability, and security to the community.”

“我们正经历着千载难逢的时刻，并目睹着技术的演变发生在我们眼前。我们期待着迎接一个新的以太坊，一个消耗更少能源并为社区带来长期可扩展性和安全性的以太坊。”

If the transition is smooth and consensus is reached early, then confidence will be high for the latest price rally to continue.

如果过渡顺利并尽早达成共识，那么人们对最近的价格上涨持续下去的信心将会很高。

Could Ethereum ‘flip’ bitcoin after the Merge?

合并后以太坊能否“翻转”比特币？

The excitement surrounding the Merge has once again led to speculation that Ethereum could finally fulfill the hypothetical “flippening”, whereby

围绕合并的兴奋再次引发了人们的猜测，即以太坊最终可能实现假设的“翻转”，即