以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin呼籲簡化以太坊的基本協議

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Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has called for simplifying the blockchain’s base protocol, aiming to make the network more efficient, secure and accessible, drawing inspiration from Bitcoin’s minimalist design.

Ethereum聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin呼籲簡化區塊鏈的基本協議，旨在使網絡從比特幣的極簡主義設計中汲取靈感。

In a blog post titled "Simplifying the L1" on May 3, Buterin laid out a vision to restructure Ethereum’s architecture across consensus, execution and shared components.

在5月3日的博客文章“簡化L1”的博客文章中，Buterin提出了一個願景，以在共識，執行和共享組件中重組以太坊的體系結構。

“This post will describe how Ethereum 5 years from now can become close to as simple as Bitcoin,” Buterin wrote, arguing that simplicity is key to Ethereum’s resilience and long-term scalability.

“這篇文章將描述以太坊從現在開始如何變得像比特幣一樣簡單。”布特林認為，簡單性是以太坊的韌性和長期可擴展性的關鍵。

While recent upgrades like proof-of-stake (PoS) and Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARK) integration have made Ethereum more robust, he said that technical complexity has led to bloated development cycles, higher costs and greater risks of bugs:

儘管最近的升級（POS）和零知識簡潔的非交互性論點（ZK-SNARK）集成使以太坊更加健壯，但他說，技術複雜性導致了腫脹的發展週期，更高的成本和更大的錯誤風險：

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Ethereum eyes ‘3-Slot Finality’ to simplify consensus

以太坊的眼睛“三槽終結”以簡化共識

One key area of focus is Ethereum’s consensus layer. Central to this effort is the proposed “3-slot finality” model, which eliminates complex components like epochs, sync committees and validator shuffling.

重點的一個關鍵領域是以太坊的共識層。這項工作的核心是擬議的“ 3槽終結”模型，該模型消除了諸如時期，同步委員會和驗證者改組之類的複雜組成部分。

“The reduced number of active validators at a time means that it becomes safer to use simpler implementations of the fork choice rule,” Buterin wrote.

Buterin寫道：“一次有效驗證器數量減少意味著使用叉選擇規則的更簡單的實現變得更加安全。”

Other proposed improvements include allowing for more straightforward fork choice rules and adopting Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge (STARK)-based aggregation protocols to decentralize and simplify network coordination.

其他提出的改進包括允許更直接的叉選擇規則，並採用可擴展的透明知識參數（Stark）基於基於的聚合協議，以分散和簡化網絡協調。

On the execution layer, Buterin proposed a shift from the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to a simpler, ZK-friendly virtual machine like RISC-V. This move could offer 100x performance improvements for zero-knowledge proofs and significantly simplify the protocol.

在執行層上，Buterin提出了從以太坊虛擬機（EVM）轉變為RISC-V（如RISC-V）更簡單，對ZK友好的虛擬機。此舉可以為零知識證明提供100倍的性能改進，並顯著簡化協議。

RISC-V is an open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) used in designing computer processors. It follows a minimalist design philosophy, using a small set of simple instructions for high efficiency and easier implementation.

RISC-V是用於設計計算機處理器的開源指令集架構（ISA）。它遵循簡約的設計理念，使用一小部分簡單說明，以提高效率和更輕鬆的實現。

To preserve backward compatibility, Buterin suggested running legacy EVM contracts onchain via a RISC-V interpreter while supporting both VMs concurrently during a transitional phase.

為了保留向後兼容性，布特林建議通過RISC-V解釋器運行遺產EVM合同，同時在過渡階段同時支持這兩個VM。

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Buterin calls for protocol-wide standards

Buterin要求範圍範圍的標準

Buterin also advocated for protocol-wide standardization. He suggested adopting a single erasure coding method, serialization format (favoring SSZ), and tree structure to reduce redundant complexity and streamline Ethereum’s tooling and infrastructure.

Buterin還提倡整個協議範圍的標準化。他建議採用單一的擦除編碼方法，序列化格式（偏愛SSZ）和樹結構來降低冗餘複雜性並簡化以太坊的工具和基礎架構。

“Simplicity is in many ways similar to decentralization,” Buterin wrote. He suggested Ethereum adopt a “max line-of-code” target similar to what Tinygrad does, keeping consensus-critical logic as lean and auditable as possible.

“簡單性在許多方麵類似於權力中心化，”布特林寫道。他建議以太坊採用與TinyGrad類似的“最大編碼線”目標，以使共識關鍵邏輯盡可能精益明了。

Non-critical legacy features would remain but reside outside the core specification.

非關鍵的遺產功能將保留，但居住在核心規範之外。

Buterin’s proposal aimed at simplifying Ethereum comes as the network continues to lose market share to competing blockchains.

Buterin的提議旨在簡化以太坊，因為該網絡繼續失去了競爭區塊鏈的市場份額。

During a panel discussion at the LONGITUDE by Cointelegraph event on May 2, Alex Svanevik, CEO of data service Nansen, said Ethereum’s relative dominance among L1 blockchain networks has declined.

在5月2日，Cointelegraph活動在經度的小組討論中，Data Service Nansen首席執行官Alex Svanevik表示，以太坊在L1區塊鍊網絡中的相對優勢下降了。

“If you’d asked me 3–4 years ago whether Ethereum would dominate crypto, I’d have said yes,” Svanevik said during a panel discussion at the LONGITUDE by Cointelegraph event. “But now, it’s clear that’s not what’s happening.”

斯瓦內維克在Cointelegraph事件的經度討論中說：“如果您3至4年前問我，以太坊是否會主導加密。” “但是現在很明顯，這不是發生的事情。”