在加密貨幣生態系統中揭開零日漏洞的神秘面紗

本文旨在在加密貨幣的背景下揭開零日漏洞的神秘面紗。您將了解這些脆弱性是什麼，它們如何影響加密行業以及個人和組織如何保護自己。

Key Takeaways

關鍵要點

* Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies have driven innovations in decentralization, privacy, and financial systems. But this innovation comes with serious cybersecurity risks.

*區塊鏈技術和加密貨幣在權力下放，隱私和金融系統方面驅動了創新。但是，這項創新帶有嚴重的網絡安全風險。

* One of the most pressing threats is posed by zero-day vulnerabilities—flaws in software that are unknown to the vendor at the time of discovery.

*最緊迫的威脅之一是由零日漏洞構成的 - 在發現時供應商未知的軟件中，這些漏洞是在軟件中構成的。

* These vulnerabilities can be catastrophic in the fast-paced, high-stakes world of crypto, where transactions are irreversible and billions of dollars are held digitally.

*這些漏洞在快節奏的高風險世界中可能是災難性的，那裡的交易是不可逆的，數十億美元的數字持有。

* This article will demystify zero-day vulnerabilities in the context of cryptocurrency. You’ll learn what they are, how they affect the industry and how individuals and organizations can protect themselves.

*本文將在加密貨幣的背景下揭開零日漏洞的神秘面紗。您將了解它們是什麼，如何影響行業以及個人和組織如何保護自己。

What Is a Zero-Day Vulnerability?

什麼是零日漏洞？

A zero-day vulnerability is a security flaw in software that is unknown to the party responsible for fixing it—typically the software vendor or developer. The term “zero-day” describes a vulnerability where a software developer has zero days to fix and patch the issue in their software before it can be exploited.

零日漏洞是軟件中的安全漏洞，負責修復該方面的一方未知（通常是軟件供應商或開發人員）。 “零日”一詞描述了一個漏洞，在該漏洞中，軟件開發人員的天數為零，可以在其軟件中修復和修補問題，然後才能利用該問題。

These vulnerabilities are valuable to hackers as they enable them to gain unauthorized access, run malicious code or compromise systems undetected. In the broader tech industry, zero-day exploits are used in espionage, surveillance and cyberwarfare. In the crypto space, the stakes are even higher due to the decentralized and often anonymous nature of transactions.

這些脆弱性對於黑客使他們能夠獲得未經授權的訪問，運行惡意代碼或未被發現的妥協系統時有價值。在更廣泛的科技行業中，零日漏洞用於間諜，監視和網絡沃爾法。在加密空間中，由於交易的分散和匿名性質，賭注甚至更高。

How Zero-Day Vulnerabilities Impact the Crypto Industry

零日脆弱性如何影響加密行業

Cryptocurrency ecosystems are vast and intricate, relying on a complex web of codebases, smart contracts, APIs, wallets, and decentralized protocols. A zero-day vulnerability in any part of this system can have serious consequences, leading to:

加密貨幣生態系統龐大而復雜，依賴於復雜的代碼庫，智能合約，API，錢包和分散協議的複雜網絡。該系統任何部分的零日脆弱性都可能產生嚴重的後果，從而導致：

* Loss of user funds: If an attacker finds a zero-day vulnerability in a protocol or exchange, they could steal cryptocurrency from user wallets or siphon funds from protocols.

*用戶資金的損失：如果攻擊者在協議或交換中找到零日漏洞，則他們可以從用戶錢包或協議中竊取加密貨幣。

* Disruption of services: Exploiters may try to shut down a protocol's operations or perform denial-of-service attacks to cause widespread downtime and chaos.

*服務的中斷：剝削者可能會試圖關閉協議的操作或執行拒絕服務攻擊，從而導致廣泛的停機時間和混亂。

* Degradation of trust in the ecosystem: High-profile hacks and exploits can erode user trust in crypto projects and the broader industry.

*對生態系統的信任降低：備受矚目的黑客攻擊和利用可以侵蝕用戶對加密項目和更廣泛行業的信任。

Any funds taken using a zero-day attack are usually irrecoverable because cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible. Additionally, the open-source nature of many blockchain projects means that code is publicly available, which can both help and hinder security: more eyes can audit the code, but attackers can also comb through it for flaws.

使用零日攻擊獲得的任何資金通常都是不可恢復的，因為加密貨幣交易是不可逆轉的。此外，許多區塊鏈項目的開源性質意味著代碼已公開可用，這既可以幫助又阻礙安全性：更多的眼睛可以審核代碼，但是攻擊者也可以梳理它以解決缺陷。

Real-World Examples of Zero-Day Attacks

零日攻擊的真實示例

The cryptocurrency ecosystem is still seriously threatened by zero-day vulnerabilities. Some of the most noteworthy events in recent years are highlighted below:

加密貨幣生態系統仍然受到零日漏洞的嚴重威脅。近年來，一些最值得注意的事件下面介紹了：

Solana Dodges Disaster: ZK Flaw Fixed Before Exploitation

Solana躲避災難：剝削前修復了ZK缺陷

Solana narrowly avoided a critical security incident after discovering a vulnerability in its privacy-focused token system. The flaw, found in the ZK ElGamal Proof program used for confidential transfers, could have allowed attackers to forge zero-knowledge proofs and mint or withdraw tokens without authorization.

在發現以隱私為中心的代幣系統中發現漏洞後，Solana狹義地避免了一次重大的安全事件。在用於機密傳輸的ZK Elgamal證明程序中發現的缺陷本來可以允許攻擊者在未經授權的情況下偽造零知識證明並撤回令牌。

Fortunately, the issue was swiftly reported with a proof-of-concept, prompting an immediate fix by Solana's core development teams . Silent patches were rolled out to validators, with third-party auditors confirming their integrity. No exploitation occurred, and standard tokens remained unaffected. The event highlights the importance of rapid response and layered security in blockchain networks.

幸運的是，這個問題迅速報告了概念證明，這促使索拉納的核心開發團隊立即解決了問題。無聲的補丁已向驗證者推出，第三方審計師證實了他們的完整性。沒有發生剝削，標準令牌仍然不受影響。該事件強調了區塊鍊網絡中快速響應和分層安全性的重要性。

Why Zero-Day Threats Are Especially Dangerous in Web3 and Blockchain

為什麼零日威脅在Web3和區塊鏈中特別危險

Web3 technologies prioritize user control, immutability, and decentralization. While these principles offer transparency and user empowerment, they also reduce the central authority that can intervene during a security incident. In traditional finance, banks can reverse fraudulent transactions; in crypto, once assets are stolen, they are often gone forever.

Web3技術優先考慮用戶控制，不變性和權力下放化。儘管這些原則提供透明度和用戶授權，但它們還減少了可以在安全事件中進行干預的中央權威。在傳統金融中，銀行可以扭轉欺詐性交易。在加密貨幣中，一旦資產被盜，它們通常會永遠消失。

Furthermore, smart contracts and dApps are immutable by design. If a smart contract has a vulnerability and it’s already deployed on-chain, fixing it is not as simple as issuing a software update. Proactive security and audit procedures are much more important due to its immutability.

此外，智能合約和DAPP是通過設計不變的。如果智能合約具有脆弱性並且已經在鏈上部署，則修復它並不像發佈軟件更新那樣簡單。由於其不變性，主動的安全性和審計程序更為重要。

How Hackers Discover and Exploit Flaws in Crypto Systems

黑客如何發現和利用加密系統中的缺陷

To identify and take advantage of zero-day flaws in crypto systems, hackers use several types of techniques:

為了識別和利用加密系統中的零日缺陷，黑客使用了幾種類型的技術：

* Code analysis: Hackers may download and analyze the source code of protocols, smart contracts, and dApps to identify potential vulnerabilities.

*代碼分析：黑客可以下載並分析協議，智能合約和DAPP的源代碼，以識別潛在的漏洞。

* Reverse engineering: They might decompile software or firmware to understand its internal workings and search for exploitable flaws.

*逆向工程：它們可能會使軟件或固件分解以了解其內部工作原理並蒐索可剝削的缺陷。

* Network monitoring: By observing blockchain transactions and network activity, hackers can identify anomalies or patterns that indicate a vulnerability is being used.

*網絡監視：通過觀察區塊鏈交易和網絡活動，黑客可以識別指示正在使用漏洞的異常或模式。

* Integration testing: They may attempt to integrate different software components to uncover flaws in their interaction.

*集成測試：他們可能會嘗試集成不同的軟件組件以發現其交互中的缺陷。

* Bug bounty programs: Some hackers participate in bug bounty programs to report vulnerabilities and earn financial rewards.

* Bug Bounty計劃：一些黑客參與Bug Bounty計劃，以報告漏洞並贏得財務獎勵。

Once discovered, these vulnerabilities can be sold on black markets, exploited for theft, or even used in state-sponsored attacks.

一旦發現，這些漏洞就可以在黑市上出售，被利用用於盜竊，甚至用於國家贊助的攻擊中。

Common Targets for Zero-Day Exploits in the Crypto Space

加密空間中零日漏洞的常見目標

Not all crypto-related software is equally vulnerable. Some components are particularly attractive to attackers due to the large sums of money

並非所有與加密相關的軟件都同樣脆弱。由於大量資金，有些組件對攻擊者特別有吸引力