在加密货币生态系统中揭开零日漏洞的神秘面纱

本文旨在在加密货币的背景下揭开零日漏洞的神秘面纱。您将了解这些脆弱性是什么，它们如何影响加密行业以及个人和组织如何保护自己。

Key Takeaways

关键要点

* Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies have driven innovations in decentralization, privacy, and financial systems. But this innovation comes with serious cybersecurity risks.

*区块链技术和加密货币在权力下放，隐私和金融系统方面驱动了创新。但是，这项创新带有严重的网络安全风险。

* One of the most pressing threats is posed by zero-day vulnerabilities—flaws in software that are unknown to the vendor at the time of discovery.

*最紧迫的威胁之一是由零日漏洞构成的 - 在发现时供应商未知的软件中，这些漏洞是在软件中构成的。

* These vulnerabilities can be catastrophic in the fast-paced, high-stakes world of crypto, where transactions are irreversible and billions of dollars are held digitally.

*这些漏洞在快节奏的高风险世界中可能是灾难性的，那里的交易是不可逆的，数十亿美元的数字持有。

* This article will demystify zero-day vulnerabilities in the context of cryptocurrency. You’ll learn what they are, how they affect the industry and how individuals and organizations can protect themselves.

*本文将在加密货币的背景下揭开零日漏洞的神秘面纱。您将了解它们是什么，如何影响行业以及个人和组织如何保护自己。

What Is a Zero-Day Vulnerability?

什么是零日漏洞？

A zero-day vulnerability is a security flaw in software that is unknown to the party responsible for fixing it—typically the software vendor or developer. The term “zero-day” describes a vulnerability where a software developer has zero days to fix and patch the issue in their software before it can be exploited.

零日漏洞是软件中的安全漏洞，负责修复该方面的一方未知（通常是软件供应商或开发人员）。 “零日”一词描述了一个漏洞，在该漏洞中，软件开发人员的天数为零，可以在其软件中修复和修补问题，然后才能利用该问题。

These vulnerabilities are valuable to hackers as they enable them to gain unauthorized access, run malicious code or compromise systems undetected. In the broader tech industry, zero-day exploits are used in espionage, surveillance and cyberwarfare. In the crypto space, the stakes are even higher due to the decentralized and often anonymous nature of transactions.

这些脆弱性对于黑客使他们能够获得未经授权的访问，运行恶意代码或未被发现的妥协系统时有价值。在更广泛的科技行业中，零日漏洞用于间谍，监视和网络沃尔法。在加密空间中，由于交易的分散和匿名性质，赌注甚至更高。

How Zero-Day Vulnerabilities Impact the Crypto Industry

零日脆弱性如何影响加密行业

Cryptocurrency ecosystems are vast and intricate, relying on a complex web of codebases, smart contracts, APIs, wallets, and decentralized protocols. A zero-day vulnerability in any part of this system can have serious consequences, leading to:

加密货币生态系统庞大而复杂，依赖于复杂的代码库，智能合约，API，钱包和分散协议的复杂网络。该系统任何部分的零日脆弱性都可能产生严重的后果，从而导致：

* Loss of user funds: If an attacker finds a zero-day vulnerability in a protocol or exchange, they could steal cryptocurrency from user wallets or siphon funds from protocols.

*用户资金的损失：如果攻击者在协议或交换中找到零日漏洞，则他们可以从用户钱包或协议中窃取加密货币。

* Disruption of services: Exploiters may try to shut down a protocol's operations or perform denial-of-service attacks to cause widespread downtime and chaos.

*服务的中断：剥削者可能会试图关闭协议的操作或执行拒绝服务攻击，从而导致广泛的停机时间和混乱。

* Degradation of trust in the ecosystem: High-profile hacks and exploits can erode user trust in crypto projects and the broader industry.

*对生态系统的信任降低：备受瞩目的黑客攻击和利用可以侵蚀用户对加密项目和更广泛行业的信任。

Any funds taken using a zero-day attack are usually irrecoverable because cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible. Additionally, the open-source nature of many blockchain projects means that code is publicly available, which can both help and hinder security: more eyes can audit the code, but attackers can also comb through it for flaws.

使用零日攻击获得的任何资金通常都是不可恢复的，因为加密货币交易是不可逆转的。此外，许多区块链项目的开源性质意味着代码已公开可用，这既可以帮助又阻碍安全性：更多的眼睛可以审核代码，但是攻击者也可以梳理它以解决缺陷。

Real-World Examples of Zero-Day Attacks

零日攻击的真实示例

The cryptocurrency ecosystem is still seriously threatened by zero-day vulnerabilities. Some of the most noteworthy events in recent years are highlighted below:

加密货币生态系统仍然受到零日漏洞的严重威胁。近年来，一些最值得注意的事件下面介绍了：

Solana Dodges Disaster: ZK Flaw Fixed Before Exploitation

Solana躲避灾难：剥削前修复了ZK缺陷

Solana narrowly avoided a critical security incident after discovering a vulnerability in its privacy-focused token system. The flaw, found in the ZK ElGamal Proof program used for confidential transfers, could have allowed attackers to forge zero-knowledge proofs and mint or withdraw tokens without authorization.

在发现以隐私为中心的代币系统中发现漏洞后，Solana狭义地避免了一次重大的安全事件。在用于机密传输的ZK Elgamal证明程序中发现的缺陷本来可以允许攻击者在未经授权的情况下伪造零知识证明并撤回令牌。

Fortunately, the issue was swiftly reported with a proof-of-concept, prompting an immediate fix by Solana's core development teams . Silent patches were rolled out to validators, with third-party auditors confirming their integrity. No exploitation occurred, and standard tokens remained unaffected. The event highlights the importance of rapid response and layered security in blockchain networks.

幸运的是，这个问题迅速报告了概念证明，这促使索拉纳的核心开发团队立即解决了问题。无声的补丁已向验证者推出，第三方审计师证实了他们的完整性。没有发生剥削，标准令牌仍然不受影响。该事件强调了区块链网络中快速响应和分层安全性的重要性。

Why Zero-Day Threats Are Especially Dangerous in Web3 and Blockchain

为什么零日威胁在Web3和区块链中特别危险

Web3 technologies prioritize user control, immutability, and decentralization. While these principles offer transparency and user empowerment, they also reduce the central authority that can intervene during a security incident. In traditional finance, banks can reverse fraudulent transactions; in crypto, once assets are stolen, they are often gone forever.

Web3技术优先考虑用户控制，不变性和权力下放化。尽管这些原则提供透明度和用户授权，但它们还减少了可以在安全事件中进行干预的中央权威。在传统金融中，银行可以扭转欺诈性交易。在加密货币中，一旦资产被盗，它们通常会永远消失。

Furthermore, smart contracts and dApps are immutable by design. If a smart contract has a vulnerability and it’s already deployed on-chain, fixing it is not as simple as issuing a software update. Proactive security and audit procedures are much more important due to its immutability.

此外，智能合约和DAPP是通过设计不变的。如果智能合约具有脆弱性并且已经在链上部署，则修复它并不像发布软件更新那样简单。由于其不变性，主动的安全性和审计程序更为重要。

How Hackers Discover and Exploit Flaws in Crypto Systems

黑客如何发现和利用加密系统中的缺陷

To identify and take advantage of zero-day flaws in crypto systems, hackers use several types of techniques:

为了识别和利用加密系统中的零日缺陷，黑客使用了几种类型的技术：

* Code analysis: Hackers may download and analyze the source code of protocols, smart contracts, and dApps to identify potential vulnerabilities.

*代码分析：黑客可以下载并分析协议，智能合约和DAPP的源代码，以识别潜在的漏洞。

* Reverse engineering: They might decompile software or firmware to understand its internal workings and search for exploitable flaws.

*逆向工程：它们可能会使软件或固件分解以了解其内部工作原理并搜索可剥削的缺陷。

* Network monitoring: By observing blockchain transactions and network activity, hackers can identify anomalies or patterns that indicate a vulnerability is being used.

*网络监视：通过观察区块链交易和网络活动，黑客可以识别指示正在使用漏洞的异常或模式。

* Integration testing: They may attempt to integrate different software components to uncover flaws in their interaction.

*集成测试：他们可能会尝试集成不同的软件组件以发现其交互中的缺陷。

* Bug bounty programs: Some hackers participate in bug bounty programs to report vulnerabilities and earn financial rewards.

* Bug Bounty计划：一些黑客参与Bug Bounty计划，以报告漏洞并赢得财务奖励。

Once discovered, these vulnerabilities can be sold on black markets, exploited for theft, or even used in state-sponsored attacks.

一旦发现，这些漏洞就可以在黑市上出售，被利用用于盗窃，甚至用于国家赞助的攻击中。

Common Targets for Zero-Day Exploits in the Crypto Space

加密空间中零日漏洞的常见目标

Not all crypto-related software is equally vulnerable. Some components are particularly attractive to attackers due to the large sums of money

并非所有与加密相关的软件都同样脆弱。由于大量资金，有些组件对攻击者特别有吸引力