加密貸款的工作原理和使用它的最佳平台

貸款是經濟不可或缺的一部分，如果正確使用，可以幫助國家，企業和個人上升了幾個世紀。但是，大多數人都以集中銀行的形式熟悉信貸，主要是以美元和其他國家貨幣的形式。

Loan is an integral part of the economy that has helped nations, businesses, and individuals rise for centuries if used properly. However, most people are familiar with credit in the form of centralized banks and mostly in the form of USD and other national currencies. But for DeFi to become a full-fledged economic framework, the emergence of credit mechanisms was inevitable — and by now, several functional implementations are in place.

貸款是經濟不可或缺的一部分，如果正確使用，可以幫助國家，企業和個人上升了幾個世紀。但是，大多數人都以集中銀行的形式熟悉信貸，主要是以美元和其他國家貨幣的形式。但是，對於Defi成為一個成熟的經濟框架，信用機制的出現是不可避免的，到目前為止，已經實施了幾種功能實施。

But it works a bit differently than in TradiFi, and here we will go into more detail on how crypto lending works, the difference DeFi vs centralized crypto lending, and what secure crypto borrowing platforms there are today.

但是它的工作方式與Tradifi的作用有所不同，在這裡，我們將更詳細地介紹加密貸款的工作原理，差異與集中的加密貸款以及當今有哪些安全的加密借貸平台。

What Are the Advantages of Crypto Lending and Borrowing?

加密貸款和借貸的優勢是什麼？

Some may ask why crypto loans are needed instead of the usual TradiFi loans from classic banks. There are several reasons for this.

有些人可能會問為什麼需要加密貸款，而不是經典銀行的通常的Tradifi貸款。這樣做的原因有幾個。

* Institutional Bias

*機構偏見

Banks are not always fair in deciding who to lend to or not. Of course, we are not talking about cases of outright unreliability, but on average, a bank may not give a loan to someone who could use it very well and return the loan on time and in full. DeFi mitigates this issue by removing human discretion and enabling access to credit based on objective, algorithmically enforced conditions.

銀行在決定誰借給誰時並不總是公平的。當然，我們不是在談論完全不可靠的案件，但是平均而言，銀行可能不會向可以很好地使用它並全額退還貸款的人提供貸款。根據客觀的，算法上強制執行的條件，消除人類酌處權並啟用信貸來減輕此問題。

* Banks Non-Transparency

*銀行非透明度

Banks apply opaque decision-making criteria, often relying on proprietary risk models that are inaccessible to applicants. You don’t know until the end why the bank denied your loan and what exactly you need to do to fix it. DeFi protocols are fully transparent: Loans are issued according to publicly auditable smart contracts with predefined parameters.

銀行採用不透明的決策標準，通常依靠申請人無法訪問的專有風險模型。直到最後，您才知道為什麼銀行拒絕您的貸款以及您需要做什麼來解決它。 DEFI協議是完全透明的：根據具有預定義參數的公開審核智能合約發行貸款。

* Banks Limitations

*銀行限制

In the case of classic banks, you have very limited options. All of them have approximately the same conditions, and there is no fundamental difference in which bank to borrow from. You can only borrow from a small list of traditional currencies, which is also quite limited. Also, banks often share the same data about borrowers, and if you are denied by one bank for any reason, you most likely will be denied by the rest. DeFi provides a much larger selection of different platforms, mechanisms, and offers that can be much more convenient for a variety of user scenarios.

就經典銀行而言，您的選擇非常有限。他們所有人都有大約相同的條件，並且銀行從那裡借貸沒有根本差異。您只能從一小部分傳統貨幣中藉錢，這也很有限。此外，銀行通常共享有關借款人的相同數據，如果出於任何原因將您拒絕，那麼您很可能會被其餘的拒絕。 DEFI提供了更大的不同平台，機制和報價的選擇，對於各種用戶方案而言可能會更加方便。

* It Is Impossible to Make a Profit From Loans

*不可能從貸款中獲利

In TradFi, loan issuance is typically restricted to licensed financial institutions, and yield generation is not accessible directly to retail users. Sure, you can get interest from your deposit, but those are pretty limited options too and not the most direct ones. You don’t decide how the bank manages your money, who to lend to, and so on. DeFi allows you to lend on your own, choose transparent terms, and have a pretty wide range of choices in doing so.

在Tradfi中，貸款發行通常僅限於有執照的金融機構，而零售用戶無法直接獲得收益率。當然，您可以從存款中獲得興趣，但是這些選擇也非常有限，也不是最直接的選擇。您不確定銀行如何管理您的錢，要藉給誰，等等。 DEFI允許您自己借用，選擇透明的條款，並在這樣做方面具有相當多的選擇。

How Crypto Lending Works?

加密貸款的工作方式？

So, the foundation of cryptocurrency lending is a model of overcollateralized loans, in which a user provides a digital asset as collateral and receives a loan in another cryptocurrency or stablecoin. Such an architecture is necessary due to the lack of creditworthiness assessment mechanisms in the blockchain environment: all loans are a priori considered unreliable if they are not secured by an asset whose value exceeds the loan amount.

因此，加密貨幣貸款的基礎是過度貸款的模型，在該貸款中，用戶提供數字資產作為抵押品，並在其他加密貨幣或Stablecoin中獲得貸款。由於缺乏區塊鏈環境中缺乏信譽評估機制，因此需要這種架構：如果不超過貸款金額的資產，所有貸款都被認為是不可靠的。

However, there is a principle difference between DeFi vs centralized crypto lending, as these are two different architectural solutions that have different mechanisms for interacting with users and securing assets.

但是，Defi與集中的加密貸款之間存在主要差異，因為這是兩種不同的建築解決方案，它們具有與用戶互動和確保資產互動的不同機制。

In decentralized protocols (DeFi) such as Aave, Compound, Morpho Blue, or FraxLend, the entire lending process is automated through smart contracts. This means that the user interacts directly with the protocol: deposits collateral, initiates a loan, receives tokens or stablecoins, and then repays the loan or replenishes collateral as needed. All actions are recorded on the blockchain, ensuring complete transparency.

在分散的協議（DEFI）中，例如AAVE，化合物，Morpho Blue或Fraxlend，整個貸款過程都是通過智能合約自動化的。這意味著用戶直接與該協議進行交互：存款抵押品，發起貸款，獲得令牌或穩定幣，然後根據需要償還貸款或補充抵押品。所有操作都記錄在區塊鏈上，以確保完全透明度。

Key parameters when lending with DeFi:

借入defi時的關鍵參數：

* The minimum overcollateralization ratio depends on the protocol and may vary from 110% to 150%. For example, to borrow 1 BTC, you may need to provide 1.2 BTC or 1.5 BTC in collateral, the same or another supported cryptocurrency.

*最小的過度外邊比率取決於該方案，可能從110％到150％不等。例如，要藉用1 BTC，您可能需要在抵押品中提供1.2 BTC或1.5 BTC，相同或其他支持的加密貨幣。

* Interest rates are typically variable and adjust automatically based on market demand and the total amount of funds deposited in the protocol's liquidity pool.

*利率通常是可變的，並根據市場需求以及存儲在協議流動性庫中的資金總量會自動調整。

* The lending process is executed immediately upon sufficient funds being deposited in the protocol and the user meeting the required conditions.

*貸款流程將立即在協議中存入足夠的資金和滿足所需條件的用戶後立即執行。

* Each action, such as depositing, borrowing, or modifying a loan, incurs a gas fee, which is paid in the native chain's cryptocurrency (e.g., ETH on Ethereum).

*每個訴訟，例如存入，借用或修改貸款，都會產生汽油費，這是在本地鏈的加密貨幣中支付的（例如，以太坊上的ETH）。

In centralized platforms (CeFi), the principles remain similar, but the management of the process is outsourced to a centralized organization.

在集中式平台（CEFI）中，原理仍然相似，但是該過程的管理將外包給集中組織。

Platforms like Nexo, Ledn, YouHodler, or Binance offer loans in fiat currency or crypto against digital assets. They manage risk through internal liquidation mechanisms and sometimes insurance funds. These services typically require KYC and offer fixed rates.

Nexo，Ledn，Youhodler或Binance等平台提供法定貨幣或加密貨幣的貸款。他們通過內部清算機制，有時是保險基金來管理風險。這些服務通常需要KYC並提供固定的價格。