比特幣 DeFi：克服比特幣的局限性

比特幣做的事情不多，但它所做的事情做得非常好。在安全性、可驗證性和資料完整性方面，比特幣是無與倫比的。

Bitcoin is renowned for its security, verifiability, and data integrity, making it a robust foundation for sending, receiving, and storing BTC. Its decentralized nature allows for further possibilities, such as hosting non-fungible assets like Ordinals and Runes. However, Bitcoin's limited feature set was a conscious decision by Satoshi Nakamoto, aimed at ensuring the protocol's longevity.

比特幣以其安全性、可驗證性和資料完整性而聞名，這使其成為發送、接收和儲存 BTC 的堅實基礎。它的去中心化性質允許更多的可能性，例如託管序號和符文等不可替代的資產。然而，比特幣的有限功能集是中本聰有意識的決定，旨在確保協議的長壽。

As cryptocurrency has evolved over 15 years, so has our understanding of blockchain technology's capabilities. While substantial modifications to Bitcoin's base layer are generally opposed by the community, there are avenues for expanding Bitcoin's utility on subsequent layers and chains, a path that has been taken by several developers.

隨著加密貨幣經過 15 年的發展，我們對區塊鏈技術功能的理解也不斷加深。雖然社群普遍反對對比特幣基礎層進行實質修改，但有一些途徑可以在後續層和鏈上擴展比特幣的實用性，一些開發人員已經採取了這種方法。

These interoperability solutions endeavor to retain the robust security and transaction finality for which Bitcoin is renowned while extending its reach to new networks, layers, and use cases. Through these innovations, Bitcoin is no longer merely magic internet money but yield-generating magic internet money.

這些互通性解決方案致力於保持比特幣聞名的強大安全性和交易終結性，同時將其範圍擴展到新的網路、層和用例。透過這些創新，比特幣不再只是神奇的網路貨幣，而是產生收益的神奇網路貨幣。

Overcoming Bitcoin’s Limitations: A Multifaceted Approach

克服比特幣的限制：多方面的方法

As a single-layer protocol primarily concerned with transferring value, Bitcoin does not natively support smart contracts and decentralized applications. Its scripting language (Script) is non-Turing complete and limited in functionality, restricting its ability to interact with other blockchains and to execute more complex operations. Developers seeking to increase Bitcoin’s interoperability have approached this challenge from a number of angles.

作為主要關注價值轉移的單層協議，比特幣本身並不支援智慧合約和去中心化應用程式。它的腳本語言（Script）是非圖靈完備的，而且功能有限，限制了它與其他區塊鏈互動和執行更複雜操作的能力。尋求提高比特幣互通性的開發人員從多個角度來應對這項挑戰。

At the most basic level, the ability to lock BTC into a multisig on Bitcoin and issue a corresponding wrapped token on another chain, such as Ethereum, allows BTC to escape its confines. This is useful for enabling multichain users to gain exposure to BTC, but it's not “true” Bitcoin DeFi since a wrapped token inherits none of the security guarantees or network effects synonymous with Bitcoin.

在最基本的層面上，將 BTC 鎖定到比特幣上的多重簽名並在另一個鏈（例如以太坊）上發行相應的包裝代幣的能力使 BTC 能夠擺脫其限制。這對於使多鏈用戶能夠接觸到 BTC 很有用，但這不是「真正的」比特幣 DeFi，因為打包的代幣不繼承任何與比特幣同義的安全保證或網路效應。

An alternative option, rather than bringing Bitcoin to the multichain world, is to bring multichain to Bitcoin by building up the stack. This entails creating a sidechain or layer 2 that inherits Bitcoin’s security model and allows BTC to be trustlessly bridged both ways.

另一種選擇不是將比特幣引入多鏈世界，而是透過建立堆疊將多鏈引入比特幣。這需要創建一個繼承比特幣安全模型的側鍊或第 2 層，並允許 BTC 雙向橋接。

One of the earliest attempts at constructing a Bitcoin DeFi ecosystem, RSK, was ahead of its time as a concept but has struggled to secure the users and developers that make the difference between a network and an ecosystem. A similar problem has been faced by Lightning Network, whose complexity has proven a deterrent to many would-be users.

RSK 是建立比特幣DeFi 生態系統的最早嘗試之一，它作為一個概念是超前的，但一直在努力保護用戶和開發人員的安全，而這些用戶和開發人員是網路和生態系統之間的重要組成部分。閃電網路也面臨類似的問題，事實證明，其複雜性對許多潛在用戶構成了威懾。

It turns out that making Bitcoin interoperable and also usable is a delicate balancing act. But where there’s a will there’s a way and a new wave of interoperability solutions is coming onstream that seek to overcome the limitations of the first wave of scaling projects.

事實證明，讓比特幣具有互通性和可用性是一種微妙的平衡行為。但有志者事竟成，新一波互通性解決方案即將湧現，旨在克服第一波擴展項目的限制。

Building Trust Minimization Into Bitcoin

將信任最小化融入比特幣

Bitcoiners trust code, not people. In an industry awash with hackers, scammers, and phishers, cryptography is one of the few things that can be trusted. For this reason, most holders have been hesitant to entrust their precious BTC to more complex systems that increase risk – despite the alluring rewards for doing so. Until relatively recently, attempting to extend Bitcoin’s reach meant introducing custodial risk, as is the case with assets like WBTC.

比特幣支持者信任程式碼，而不是人。在一個充斥著駭客、詐騙者和網路釣魚者的行業中，密碼學是為數不多的可以信任的東西之一。出於這個原因，大多數持有者一直猶豫是否將他們寶貴的比特幣委託給更複雜的系統，這會增加風險——儘管這樣做的回報很誘人。直到最近，試圖擴大比特幣的影響範圍就意味著引入託管風險，就像 WBTC 等資產的情況一樣。

Flare, one of the blockchain protocols trying to solve this challenge, has had to implement a raft of measures to create its own tokenized representation of BTC that doesn’t rely on gatekeepers. FAssets, the name for the non-native tokens that can be bridged to Flare, are secured in three ways: through over-collateralization (e.g. locking up more BTC than the value bridged); using decentralized time oracles for accurate price feeds; and a separate data connector oracle to verify payments on the Bitcoin network.

Flare 是試圖解決這項挑戰的區塊鏈協議之一，它必須實施一系列措施來創建自己的不依賴看門人的 BTC 代幣化表示。 FAssets 是可以橋接至 Flare 的非原生代幣的名稱，以三種方式進行保護：透過超額抵押（例如，鎖定比橋接價值更多的 BTC）；使用去中心化的時間預言機來實現準確的價格回饋；以及一個單獨的數據連接器預言機來驗證比特幣網路上的支付。

No one said scaling Bitcoin would be easy. Meanwhile, other interoperability projects are making progress building on top of Bitcoin. Rather than forcing developers to master unfamiliar programming languages and tooling, L2s such as Merlin Chain have utilized the trusty EVM. Making Bitcoin more Ethereum is an attempt to have the best of both worlds, combining the security and liquidity of the former with the smart contract capabilities of the latter.

沒有人說擴充比特幣是一件容易的事。同時，其他互通性項目正在比特幣的基礎上取得進展。 Merlin Chain 等 L2 並沒有強迫開發人員掌握不熟悉的程式語言和工具，而是利用了值得信賴的 EVM。讓比特幣更像以太坊是一種兩全其美的嘗試，將前者的安全性和流動性與後者的智慧合約功能結合在一起。

Will the Market Anoint a Winner?

市場會選出贏家嗎？

Both Flare’s FAssets and Merlin’s L2 are examples of solutions that extend BTC’s reach and utility, without being in direct competition with one another. However, the number of L2s, sidechains, and bridges intent on scaling Bitcoin is beginning to stack up. They can’t all succeed: markes usually settle on one or two dominant players and discard the rest.

Flare 的 FAssets 和 Merlin 的 L2 都是擴展 BTC 範圍和實用性的解決方案範例，但彼此之間並沒有直接競爭。然而，旨在擴展比特幣規模的 L2、側鍊和橋接器的數量正在開始增加。他們不可能全部成功：目標通常集中在一兩個主導的球員身上，而放棄其餘的球員。

Three years ago, Bitcoin didn’t have enough interoperability options. Now, it might have too many. This is a problem that should self-correct as the solutions that find product-market fit exert dominance and users and liquidity flows to them. What matters is that Bitcoin is now much more than an idle asset. Those who want to hodl can just hodl. Those who want to do more with their digital money have an array of DeFi opportunities just a non-custodial bridge

三年前，比特幣沒有足夠的互通性選項。現在，它可能太多了。這是一個應該自我糾正的問題，因為找到適合產品市場的解決方案發揮主導作用，用戶和流動性流向他們。重要的是，比特幣現在不僅僅是一種閒置資產。想要hodl的人可以hodl。那些想要用數位貨幣做更多事情的人有一系列 DeFi 機會，只是一個非託管的橋樑