How often does a perpetual contract settle?

Perpetual contracts lack a predetermined settlement date, but undergo daily settlement via a funding rate that aligns their price with the underlying asset's spot price.

Dec 03, 2024 at 02:16 pm

How Often Does a Perpetual Contract Settle?

Perpetual contracts, also known as perpetual futures or perpetual swaps, are financial instruments that allow traders to speculate on the future price of an underlying asset without an expiry date. Unlike traditional futures contracts, which have a predetermined settlement date, perpetual contracts never expire and can be held for as long as desired.

Settlement Mechanism

Perpetual contracts do not have a set settlement date, but they are subject to a daily settlement process called a funding rate. The funding rate is a periodic payment made between traders to ensure that the perpetual contract price tracks the spot price of the underlying asset closely. The funding rate is calculated based on the difference between the perpetual contract price and the spot price.

Funding Rate Calculation

The funding rate is calculated using the following formula:

Funding Rate = (Spot Price - Perp Price) * Interest Difference / 8 Hours

Where:

• Spot Price: The current market price of the underlying asset.
• Perp Price: The price of the perpetual contract.
• Interest Difference: The difference between the interest rate on the underlying asset and the interest rate on the perpetual contract.

Settlement Frequency

The funding rate is typically settled every 8 hours, although some exchanges may have different settlement intervals. The funding rate is applied to all open perpetual contract positions, and it can be positive or negative.

Positive Funding Rate

If the funding rate is positive, traders who are long the perpetual contract (expecting the price to rise) will pay a fee to traders who are short the perpetual contract (expecting the price to fall). This fee incentivizes traders to sell the perpetual contract, which pushes the perpetual contract price down towards the spot price.

Negative Funding Rate

If the funding rate is negative, traders who are short the perpetual contract will pay a fee to traders who are long the perpetual contract. This fee incentivizes traders to buy the perpetual contract, which pushes the perpetual contract price up towards the spot price.

Impact of Funding Rate

The funding rate plays a critical role in keeping the perpetual contract price aligned with the spot price. It incentivizes traders to take positions that counterbalance the market sentiment, preventing perpetual contract prices from deviating significantly from the underlying asset's spot price.

Conclusion

Perpetual contracts do not have a set settlement date, but they are subject to a daily settlement process called a funding rate. The funding rate ensures that the perpetual contract price tracks the spot price of the underlying asset closely, preventing prolonged deviations. The funding rate is typically settled every 8 hours, and it can be positive or negative depending on the difference between the perpetual contract price and the spot price.