联合国（UN）就“网络犯罪公约”草案达成一致

它实际上完全废除了银行保密法，危及安全分析师和记者，并延伸到加密货币公司。不过，目前尚未决定。

The United Nations is working on a draft agreement to combat cybercrime. The draft, which was initially proposed by China and Russia in 2017, aims to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and prosecuting cybercrimes. It also includes provisions for freezing and confiscating the proceeds of cybercrime, which explicitly includes cryptocurrencies.

联合国正在制定一项打击网络犯罪的协议草案。该草案最初由中国和俄罗斯于2017年提出，旨在加强预防和起诉网络犯罪的国际合作。它还包括冻结和没收网络犯罪收益的条款，其中明确包括加密货币。

The draft agreement, which is set to be presented for a general vote in the fall, has drawn criticism from some organizations, such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), for its broad and vague definitions of cybercrime. The EFF has warned that the draft could potentially criminalize standard practices in security analysis or white-hat hacking, and leave security researchers and investigative journalists dangerously unprotected.

该协议草案定于今年秋季提交全民投票，但因其对网络犯罪的宽泛而模糊的定义而招致了电子前沿基金会 (EFF) 等一些组织的批评。 EFF 警告称，该草案可能会将安全分析或白帽黑客行为的标准做法定为犯罪，并使安全研究人员和调查记者处于危险的不受保护的境地。

The draft also includes provisions to ensure that banking secrecy laws do not hinder cybercrime investigations. It states that each member state should take measures within their judicial systems to identify, trace, freeze, and confiscate any involved asset. Every country is to enact or establish the legal measures necessary for this purpose.

该草案还包括确保银行保密法不会阻碍网络犯罪调查的规定。它指出，每个成员国应在其司法系统内采取措施，识别、追踪、冻结和没收任何涉及的资产。各国应为此目的颁布或制定必要的法律措施。

In this regard, every government must empower courts and other competent authorities to make banking records and other financial or commercial documents available or seize them. No government should refuse to act on grounds of banking secrecy.

在这方面，每个政府都必须授权法院和其他主管当局提供或扣押银行记录和其他金融或商业文件。任何政府都不应以银行保密为由拒绝采取行动。

Moreover, governments should not reject information requests from other states because they infringe on banking secrecy. The end of banking secrecy – and beyond Bank secrecy has, of course, long been eroded. Essentially, there is no country where banks can refuse to provide information about their customers' account balances to inquiries from authorities, whether they are tax offices or law enforcement.

此外，政府不应因为其他国家侵犯银行保密而拒绝提供信息。银行保密的终结——当然，银行保密早已受到侵蚀。从本质上讲，没有哪个国家的银行可以拒绝向当局（无论是税务机关还是执法部门）的询问提供有关其客户账户余额的信息。

Additionally, there is an international and automatic exchange system of tax-relevant data that has been in place since 2015. However, any data beyond this is currently only released through orders from national courts in most countries. The UN apparently wants to change this, potentially making it mandatory to release bank data based on the judgment of foreign courts. It seeks to effectively abolish banking secrecy.

此外，自 2015 年以来，还建立了一个国际自动税务相关数据交换系统。然而，除此之外的任何数据目前只能通过大多数国家/地区法院的命令发布。联合国显然希望改变这一点，可能会强制要求根据外国法院的判决公布银行数据。它寻求有效废除银行保密法。

Since it’s not just about banks but all forms of “property” in which criminals store their proceeds, crypto companies could also be affected, potentially even DeFi platforms. The question also arises as to how the UN will handle the fact that cryptocurrencies have made banking services possible without banks. Will the United Nations align with the FATF’s efforts to crack down more severely on privately used wallets?

由于这不仅涉及银行，还涉及犯罪分子存储收益的所有形式的“财产”，因此加密货币公司也可能受到影响，甚至可能是 DeFi 平台。还出现的问题是，联合国将如何处理加密货币使银行服务在没有银行的情况下成为可能的事实。联合国是否会配合 FATF 的努力，更严厉地打击私人使用的钱包？

However, the broad and vague definitions of cybercrime in the draft agreement have raised concerns among some organizations, such as the EFF, which has warned that the definitions could potentially criminalize standard practices in security analysis or white-hat hacking, and leave security researchers and investigative journalists dangerously unprotected.

然而，协议草案中对网络犯罪的宽泛而模糊的定义引起了一些组织的担忧，例如 EFF，该组织警告称，这些定义可能会将安全分析或白帽黑客攻击的标准做法定为犯罪，并让安全研究人员和调查记者危险地没有受到保护。

The EFF has also noted that the draft lacks strong safeguards to prevent the misuse of digital investigations and digital evidence, and that it could lead to more surveillance and less trust in computers and digital technologies.

EFF 还指出，该草案缺乏强有力的保障措施来防止滥用数字调查和数字证据，并且可能导致更多的监视和对计算机和数字技术的信任减少。

Overall, the UN draft agreement on cybercrime is a complex and wide-ranging document that aims to strengthen international cooperation in preventing and prosecuting cybercrimes. However, the broad and vague definitions of cybercrime and the potential impact on banking secrecy and freedom of expression have drawn criticism from some organizations.

总体而言，联合国网络犯罪协议草案是一份复杂且内容广泛的文件，旨在加强预防和起诉网络犯罪方面的国际合作。然而，网络犯罪的宽泛而模糊的定义以及对银行保密和言论自由的潜在影响引起了一些组织的批评。