闲置的动力悖论和巴基斯坦的比特币能源计划

截至2025年3月，巴基斯坦拥有46600兆瓦的安装功率，比上一年略有增加。

Pakistan is grappling with the 'idle power paradox,' especially pertinent as the South Asian nation sets its sights on an ambitious Bitcoin energy plan.

巴基斯坦正在努力应对“闲置权力悖论”，尤其是相关，因为南亚国家将目光投向了雄心勃勃的比特币能源计划。

According to Statista, Pakistan's installed power capacity stood at 46,600 MW as of March 2025, a modest increase from the previous year. However, a significant portion of this capacity remains idle, particularly during the off-peak winter months when electricity demand can decrease to as low as 12,000 MW.

根据Statista的说法，截至2025年3月，巴基斯坦的安装功率为46,600兆瓦，比上一年有所增加。但是，这种能力的很大一部分仍然闲置，尤其是在非高峰冬季，当时电力需求可能会降至12,000兆瓦时。

A substantial factor contributing to this issue is the capacity payments, which are fixed fees paid to power plants even if they are not producing electricity. These payments have reached a staggering sum of 2.1 trillion Pakistan rupees ($7.45 billion) per year.

导致此问题的一个重要因素是容量支付，即使他们没有发电，也是向发电厂支付的固定费用。这些付款每年达到了惊人的2.1万亿巴基斯坦卢比（74.5亿美元）。

This cost is ultimately passed on to consumers, even when the plants are in a dormant state.

即使植物处于休眠状态，这一成本也最终传给了消费者。

Thermal power, which includes coal and gas, makes up 56% of the installed capacity but contributes only 46% to the actual generation. This is due to the presence of older, less efficient plants that are kept on standby, continuously collecting capacity payments.

包括煤炭和气体在内的热力占安装能力的56％，但仅贡献了46％的实际一代。这是由于存在较旧的，效率较低的植物，这些植物一直保持在待机状态，不断收集能力支付。

In contrast, hydropower, nuclear power, and renewables cover the remaining shortfall in electricity generation. Notably, Pakistan has witnessed a remarkable surge in its renewable energy adoption, specifically solar power, leading to new challenges.

相反，水电，核电和可再生能源涵盖了发电的剩余缺口。值得注意的是，巴基斯坦在其可再生能源采用尤其是太阳能方面见证了巨大的激增，导致了新的挑战。

The country's net-metered solar capacity experienced a substantial increase from 1.3 GW in 2024 to nearly 4.9 GW within a year. This rapid expansion was driven by the import of over 17 GW of Chinese solar panels in 2024 alone.

该国的净计量太阳能从2024年的1.3 gw增加到一年内的近4.9吉瓦。仅在2024年，仅在2024年就进口了超过17吉瓦的中国太阳能电池板。

The solar boom has contributed to instability in the power grid due to the fluctuating nature of solar energy supply. It has also resulted in rising electricity tariffs for users who do not have net-metering systems and unequal access to clean energy for poorer households.

由于太阳能供应的波动性质，太阳能动臂促进了电网的不稳定性。对于没有净计数系统和不平等的贫困家庭清洁能源的用户，这也导致了电费上升。

Consumers in Pakistan are currently subject to high electricity rates, which are estimated at around 16¢/kWh for businesses, further propelling the solar energy adoption and perpetuating the cycle of costly imbalance in the energy mix.

巴基斯坦的消费者目前处于较高的电力率，企业的电力率估计约为16¢/kWh，进一步推动了太阳能采用，并使能源组合中昂贵的不平衡循环永存。

Bitcoin energy plan

比特币能源计划

With Pakistan grappling with an energy crisis and ballooning energy bills, the nation is now exploring an unconventional move: diverting idle power to Bitcoin mining and AI data centers.

随着巴基斯坦与能源危机和激烈的能源账单进行斗争，该国现在正在探索一个非常规的举动：将闲置的权力转移到比特币采矿和AI数据中心。

This strategy, which is being touted by some officials and industry figures, aims to monetize the off-peak electricity that would otherwise go to waste and generate revenue through digital assets.

这种策略受到一些官员和行业数字的吹捧，旨在通过浪费浪费并通过数字资产产生收入的非高峰电力获利。

As the World Bank notes, Pakistan’s thermal power plants are often used at low rates, especially during the winter months when demand drops. For instance, in 2022, the plants were used at an average of 45% of their capacity, and in December 2022, the capacity factor fell to 33% during the off-peak hours.

正如世界银行指出的那样，巴基斯坦的热电厂通常以较低的速度使用，尤其是在需求下降的冬季。例如，在2022年，工厂平均使用了其容量的45％，在2022年12月，在非高峰时段的容量因子下降至33％。

This low utilization, despite the high tariffs charged to consumers for electricity, presents a unique opportunity to redirect up to 2,000 MW of idle power to alternative uses.

尽管对消费者的电力收取了很高的关税，但这种低利用率为电力带来了一个独特的机会，可以将多达2,000兆瓦的闲置功率重定向到替代用途。

During periods of low electricity demand, such as the winter months when demand can drop as low as 12,000 MW, this surplus capacity could be channeled into Bitcoin mining and AI data centers.

在低电力需求的时期，例如冬季需求可能会下降到12,000兆瓦时，该盈余容量可以转移到比特币采矿和AI数据中心中。

This strategy is envisioned to ease the strain on the power grid by absorbing the excess supply and generate revenue for the government through digital asset mining and related services.

设想该策略可以通过吸收多余供应并通过数字资产挖掘和相关服务为政府带来收入来减轻电网的压力。

However, critics have raised concerns about this plan, highlighting the increased reliance on fossil fuels for thermal power generation, which contributes to environmental pollution.

然而，批评家提出了对这项计划的担忧，强调了对化石燃料产生热力发电的依赖，这有助于环境污染。

Moreover, there are worries that the benefits of this initiative might not reach ordinary Pakistanis, who are already burdened by the rising cost of living in a country ranked among the most unequal in the world.

此外，人们担心这项倡议的好处可能不会到达普通的巴基斯坦人，他们已经受到了世界上最不平等的国家生活成本上升的负担。