以太坊联合创始人提出“局部节点最喜欢”的缩放调整

在最近的以太坊研究博客文章中，以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin概述了对区块链的扩展路线图的一系列技术调整，这强调了随着网络扩展，保持用户运行个人节点的能力的重要性。

In a lively Ethereum Research blog post, co-founder Vitalik Buterin has touched upon the ongoing tradeoffs in scaling Ethereum while keeping it decentralized and broadly accessible.

在一篇活泼的以太坊研究博客文章中，联合创始人Vitalik Buterin在扩展以太坊的情况下谈到了正在进行的折衷方案，同时保持了分散并广泛访问。

The Union of Scalability and Decentralization

可扩展性和权力下放的结合

The suggestion arose from Buterin's observations that while ZK-EVMs and private information retrieval (PIR) could, in theory, enable trustless verification and complete privacy respectively, they still faced critical flaws in practice.

这一建议是由Buterin的观察结果引起的，尽管ZK-Evms和私人信息检索（PIR）可以分别实现无信任的验证和完整的隐私，但他们在实践中仍然面临着关键的缺陷。

High costs and difficulties in deploying advanced technology presented immediate hurdles, while Buterin expressed concerns that metadata privacy risks could persist even with ZK-EVMs, rendering transactions traceable.

部署先进技术的高成本和困难构成了立即障碍，而Buterin表示担心元数据隐私风险即使在ZK-Evms中也可以持续存在，从而使可追溯的交易可追溯。

Moreover, he noted that centralized RPC providers could potentially censor users' access to the network, undermining the spirit of decentralization.

此外，他指出，集中的RPC提供商可能会审查用户对网络的访问，从而破坏了权力下放的精神。

Buterin argued that there was still value in continuing to ensure greater ease of running a personal node, serving as a more immediate and decentralized way to interact with the blockchain.

布特林认为，继续确保更便捷地运行个人节点仍然有价值，这是一种与区块链互动的更直接和分散的方式。

In the short term, Buterin suggested completing EIP-4444, which would decrease node storage demands by limiting historical data retention to 36 days. Older blockchain data could be safely stored on a distributed storage network using erasure coding, reducing reliance on centralized services.

在短期内，Buterin建议完成EIP-4444，这将通过将历史数据保留限制为36天，从而减少节点存储需求。旧的区块链数据可以安全地存储在分布式存储网络上，并减少对集中服务的依赖。

Buterin also suggested recalibrating gas fees to penalize excessive state growth, such as new storage slots or contract deployments, encouraging developers to optimize for efficiency.

巴特林还建议重新校准汽油费，以惩罚过度州增长，例如新的存储插槽或合同部署，鼓励开发人员优化效率。

For the medium term, stateless verification could be deployed to further reduce storage needs by allowing nodes to validate blocks without needing to store the entire state data.

对于中期，可以通过允许节点验证块而无需存储整个状态数据来验证块，以进一步减少存储需求，以进一步减少存储需求。

Buterin's most novel proposal involved introducing "partially stateless nodes," which would only maintain specific portions of Ethereum's state, such as frequently used tokens or active accounts, while rendering most RPC requests locally.

Buterin最新颖的建议涉及引入“部分无家可归的节点”，该节点只能维护以太坊状态的特定部分，例如经常使用的令牌或活动帐户，同时在本地呈现大多数RPC请求。

Only for data that the node didn't have saved would it default to using external cryptographic solutions, such as ZK-EVMs for private transactions or PIR for efficient data retrieval.

仅对于该节点没有保存的数据，才默认使用外部加密解决方案，例如用于私人交易的ZK-EVM或PIR进行有效的数据检索。

This balance between local processing and specialized cryptographic solutions aimed to combine the strengths of both approaches, allowing users to customize the saved state segments via onchain contracts according to their priorities.

本地加工和专门的加密解决方案之间的平衡旨在结合两种方法的优势，使用户可以根据其优先级通过OnChain合同来自定义保存的状态细分市场。

Buterin envisioned this system enabling users to continue enjoying privacy benefits and reducing their reliance on centralized services, even if Ethereum's gas limit were to grow "10-100x" to accommodate greater throughput.

Buterin设想了该系统，即使以太坊的气体限制要增长“ 10-100X”以适应更大的吞吐量，也可以继续享受隐私福利并减少对集中式服务的依赖。

This vision highlighted the ongoing tension in Ethereum's development between pushing the boundaries of scalability and ensuring that the network remained decentralized, antifargile, and usable by everyday individuals. As Ethereum continues to evolve, Buterin's suggestions offered a glimpse into how this balance could be achieved to forge a more perfect blockchain.

这种愿景强调了以太坊发展的持续紧张关系，在突破可扩展性的界限和确保网络保持分散，反对且日常个人可用的情况下。随着以太坊的不断发展，布特林的建议瞥见了如何实现这种平衡来建立更完美的区块链。