以太坊（ETH）联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提议用RISC-V架构代替EVM，以提高可扩展性

以太坊的联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提出了新的架构和协议范围的标准，以使链条更简单，更快，更易于维护

In a recent blog post, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, shared his thoughts on simplifying the chain's architecture and protocol-wide standards. Drawing inspiration from Bitcoin's minimalist design, Buterin suggested new protocols and architecture that could transform the blockchain over the next five years.

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin在最近的博客文章中分享了他对简化连锁店的架构和协议范围标准的想法。 Buterin从比特币的极简主义设计中汲取灵感，提出了新的协议和架构，这些协议和体系结构可能会在未来五年内改变区块链。

"One of the best things about Bitcoin is how beautifully simple the protocol is," Buterin began, explaining in detail how Bitcoin transactions and proofs work.

“比特币最好的事情之一是协议的简单性非常简单，”布特林开始详细解释了比特币交易和证明的工作方式。

According to Buterin, keeping the protocol simple brings benefits that are key to making it "a credibly neutral and globally trusted base layer."

根据Buterin的说法，保持协议简单带来的好处是使其“成为一个可靠的中立和全球信任的基础层”的关键。

"The protocol does not try to do too much. It stays focused on doing a small number of critical things well. In the case of Bitcoin, that small set of critical things are transferring value and verifying the transaction history."

“该协议不会尝试做太多。它一直专注于做少数关键的事情。在比特币的情况下，一小部分关键事物正在转移价值并验证交易历史记录。”

However, Buterin noted that in the pursuit of adding new capabilities, such as PoS and zk-SNARKs, Ethereum has become "more and more complex."

但是，Buterin指出，在追求添加新功能（例如POS和ZK-SNARKS）时，以太坊已变得“越来越复杂”。

"Technical complexity translates into opportunity cost: time that could be spent working on something else, and in the case of a protocol, that opportunity cost is measured in the units of what other chains and protocols could be built if there was less time spent on making one chain do everything."

“技术复杂性转化为机会成本：可以花费在其他事情上的时间，并且在协议的情况下，如果花费更少的时间来制造一条链子来完成所有工作，则将机会成本衡量。”

He went on to add that technical complexity also brings higher development costs and a greater chance of bugs.

他接着补充说，技术复杂性还带来了更高的开发成本和更大的错误机会。

"Historically, Ethereum has often not done this (sometimes because of my own decisions), and this has contributed to much of our excessive development expenditure, all kinds of security risk, and insularity of R&D culture, often in pursuit of benefits that have proven illusory."

“从历史上看，以太坊经常没有这样做（有时是由于我自己的决定），这为我们的大部分发展开发支出，各种安全风险和研发文化的孤立性做出了贡献，通常是为了追求证明虚幻的利益。”

Buterin stated that the benefits of simplifying the protocol and architecture “do not appear immediately” in the short term. But, “in the long term, it will be worth it.”

Buterin表示，在短期内简化协议和体系结构的好处。但是，“从长远来看，这是值得的。”

Replacing EVM With RISC-V To Boost Scalability

用RISC-V替换EVM以提高可伸缩性

Buterin is suggesting boosting Ethereum's scalability by swapping the current EVM bytecode for RISC-V as the virtual machine language of smart contracts. The transition to RISC-V would see an open-source instruction set architecture defining how software communicates with processors using a minimalist design philosophy.

Buterin建议通过将RISC-V当前EVM字节码作为智能合约的虚拟机语言来提高以太坊的可扩展性。向RISC-V的过渡将看到一个开源指令集架构，该体系结构定义了软件如何使用简约设计理念与处理器进行通信。

For Ethereum, the proposed radical change would enable the chain to run faster by removing extra translation steps.

对于以太坊而言，拟议的根本变化将使链条通过删除额外的翻译步骤来更快地运行。

Moreover, applications could work directly on the execution layer, potentially making some operations up to 100 times faster and slashing on-chain execution costs by as much as 100X while keeping existing smart contracts working.

此外，应用程序可以直接在执行层上工作，有可能使某些操作更快地运行100倍，并将链上的执行成本削减多达100倍，同时保持现有的智能合约工作。

In the near term, Ethereum is due to undergo its Pectra upgrade on May 7, which will enhance user experience, increase rollup scalability, and boost the upper limit for validator stakes.

在短期内，以太坊将于5月7日进行pectra升级，这将增强用户体验，提高汇总可伸缩性并提高验证器赌注的上限。