以太坊（ETH）聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提議用RISC-V架構代替EVM，以提高可擴展性

以太坊的聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了新的架構和協議範圍的標準，以使鏈條更簡單，更快，更易於維護

In a recent blog post, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, shared his thoughts on simplifying the chain's architecture and protocol-wide standards. Drawing inspiration from Bitcoin's minimalist design, Buterin suggested new protocols and architecture that could transform the blockchain over the next five years.

以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin在最近的博客文章中分享了他對簡化連鎖店的架構和協議範圍標準的想法。 Buterin從比特幣的極簡主義設計中汲取靈感，提出了新的協議和架構，這些協議和體系結構可能會在未來五年內改變區塊鏈。

"One of the best things about Bitcoin is how beautifully simple the protocol is," Buterin began, explaining in detail how Bitcoin transactions and proofs work.

“比特幣最好的事情之一是協議的簡單性非常簡單，”布特林開始詳細解釋了比特幣交易和證明的工作方式。

According to Buterin, keeping the protocol simple brings benefits that are key to making it "a credibly neutral and globally trusted base layer."

根據Buterin的說法，保持協議簡單帶來的好處是使其“成為一個可靠的中立和全球信任的基礎層”的關鍵。

"The protocol does not try to do too much. It stays focused on doing a small number of critical things well. In the case of Bitcoin, that small set of critical things are transferring value and verifying the transaction history."

“該協議不會嘗試做太多。它一直專注於做少數關鍵的事情。在比特幣的情況下，一小部分關鍵事物正在轉移價值並驗證交易歷史記錄。”

However, Buterin noted that in the pursuit of adding new capabilities, such as PoS and zk-SNARKs, Ethereum has become "more and more complex."

但是，Buterin指出，在追求添加新功能（例如POS和ZK-SNARKS）時，以太坊已變得“越來越複雜”。

"Technical complexity translates into opportunity cost: time that could be spent working on something else, and in the case of a protocol, that opportunity cost is measured in the units of what other chains and protocols could be built if there was less time spent on making one chain do everything."

“技術複雜性轉化為機會成本：可以花費在其他事情上的時間，並且在協議的情況下，如果花費更少的時間來製造一條鍊子來完成所有工作，則將機會成本衡量。”

He went on to add that technical complexity also brings higher development costs and a greater chance of bugs.

他接著補充說，技術複雜性還帶來了更高的開發成本和更大的錯誤機會。

"Historically, Ethereum has often not done this (sometimes because of my own decisions), and this has contributed to much of our excessive development expenditure, all kinds of security risk, and insularity of R&D culture, often in pursuit of benefits that have proven illusory."

“從歷史上看，以太坊經常沒有這樣做（有時是由於我自己的決定），這為我們的大部分發展開發支出，各種安全風險和研發文化的孤立性做出了貢獻，通常是為了追求證明虛幻的利益。”

Buterin stated that the benefits of simplifying the protocol and architecture “do not appear immediately” in the short term. But, “in the long term, it will be worth it.”

Buterin表示，在短期內簡化協議和架構的好處。但是，“從長遠來看，這是值得的。”

Replacing EVM With RISC-V To Boost Scalability

用RISC-V替換EVM以提高可伸縮性

Buterin is suggesting boosting Ethereum's scalability by swapping the current EVM bytecode for RISC-V as the virtual machine language of smart contracts. The transition to RISC-V would see an open-source instruction set architecture defining how software communicates with processors using a minimalist design philosophy.

Buterin建議通過將RISC-V當前EVM字節碼作為智能合約的虛擬機語言來提高以太坊的可擴展性。向RISC-V的過渡將看到一個開源指令集架構，該體系結構定義了軟件如何使用簡約設計理念與處理器進行通信。

For Ethereum, the proposed radical change would enable the chain to run faster by removing extra translation steps.

對於以太坊而言，擬議的根本變化將使鏈條通過刪除額外的翻譯步驟來更快地運行。

Moreover, applications could work directly on the execution layer, potentially making some operations up to 100 times faster and slashing on-chain execution costs by as much as 100X while keeping existing smart contracts working.

此外，應用程序可以直接在執行層上工作，有可能使某些操作更快地運行100倍，並將鏈上的執行成本削減多達100倍，同時保持現有的智能合約工作。

In the near term, Ethereum is due to undergo its Pectra upgrade on May 7, which will enhance user experience, increase rollup scalability, and boost the upper limit for validator stakes.

在短期內，以太坊將於5月7日進行pectra升級，這將增強用戶體驗，提高匯總可伸縮性並提高驗證器賭注的上限。