當稅收和隱私發生衝突時會是什麼樣子？

如果 web3 中的隱私實際上增強了稅務報告，而不是實現避稅或逃稅的私有協議，結果會如何？

The merging of Web3 and privacy is creating a unique landscape for financial activities, where the opacity provided by privacy layers could potentially impact the realm of taxation. While البعض might envision an inherent conflict between the two, viewing privacy as a tool for evading taxes, there exists an alternative perspective that presents a more harmonious convergence.

Web3 和隱私的整合正在為金融活動創造一個獨特的景觀，其中隱私層提供的不透明性可能會影響稅務領域。雖然 ?????? 可能會預見到兩者之間存在固有的衝突，將隱私視為逃稅的工具，但存在另一種觀點，可以呈現出更和諧的融合。

In this scenario, privacy in Web3 could actually enhance tax reporting, offering a “best of both worlds” solution for both individuals and regulators.

在這種情況下，Web3 中的隱私實際上可以增強稅務報告，為個人和監管機構提供「兩全其美」的解決方案。

Imagine a world of “zero-knowledge taxes,” where individuals can file and have their taxes verified using zero-knowledge proofs. This could be achieved through a trusted, third party application that analyzes a user’s wallets and calculates their taxable events, ultimately generating a summary of the individual’s taxes for the year.

想像一個「零知識稅」的世界，個人可以使用零知識證明提交並驗證其稅收。這可以透過可信任的第三方應用程式來實現，該應用程式分析用戶的錢包併計算其應稅事件，最終生成個人當年的稅收摘要。

The summary tax payment, along with the proof itself, would then be submitted to the regulating entity, which can use the proof to verify that the tax summary is accurate – without needing to view every single transaction leading up to the summary.

然後，納稅匯總連同證據本身將提交給監管實體，監管實體可以使用該證據來驗證納稅匯總是否準確，而無需查看匯總前的每筆交易。

Many privacy protocols today are built with selective privacy, meaning users can elect to reveal certain portions of their on-chain history if they wish. This could serve as another mechanism to establish trust between the tax filer and the regulator.

如今，許多隱私協議都是基於選擇性隱私而建構的，這意味著用戶可以根據需要選擇透露其鏈上歷史記錄的某些部分。這可以作為在稅務申報人和監管機構之間建立信任的另一種機制。

If a regulator has reason to distrust a submitted zero-knowledge tax proof, they could compel the filer to reveal contested portions of their transaction history. While this may be difficult to enforce on an individual level – considering the likely availability of a variety of selective and non-selective privacy networks – a government requirement for all businesses to use a selective privacy network, for example, could be an effective way to manage corporate taxes.

如果監管機構有理由不信任提交的零知識稅務證明，他們可能會迫使申報人披露其交易歷史中有爭議的部分。雖然這可能很難在個人層面上執行——考慮到各種選擇性和非選擇性隱私網路的可能可用性——例如，政府要求所有企業使用選擇性隱私網路可能是一種有效的方法來管理公司稅。

While still in the conceptual phase, zero-knowledge taxes offer a vision for how Web3 innovation can be harnessed to the mutual benefit of both its users and its regulators.

儘管仍處於概念階段，零知識稅為如何利用 Web3 創新實現用戶和監管機構的共同利益提供了願景。

However, it's crucial to acknowledge the elephant in the room – the possibility of outlawing privacy. We've seen governments swiftly enact measures to restrict crypto, often citing consumer protection or fraud prevention.

然而，重要的是要承認房間裡的大象——隱私權被取締的可能性。我們看到各國政府迅速制定限制加密貨幣的措施，通常以消費者保護或預防詐欺為由。

For the privacy ecosystem, the standout example is the United States, which recently sanctioned every address that has interacted with Tornado Cash.

對於隱私生態系統來說，最突出的例子是美國，它最近制裁了所有與 Tornado Cash 互動的地址。

With a precedent like this, the scenario painted above may seem particularly unlikely. But it's important to note that Tornado Cash is distinct from the zero-knowledge protocols emerging today – and so are the implications of future sanctions.

有了這樣的先例，上面描繪的場景似乎特別不可能。但值得注意的是，Tornado Cash 與當今出現的零知識協議不同，未來制裁的影響也是如此。

When the U.S. government sanctioned Tornado Cash, their aim was to sanction the untraceable, unverifiable movement of funds. The private nature of Tornado Cash wouldn't allow the U.S. government to sanction addresses that only transferred funds (as opposed to other on-chain actions). However, luckily for those regulators, this wasn't a concern.

當美國政府制裁Tornado Cash時，他們的目的是製裁無法追蹤、無法核實的資金流動。龍捲風現金的私有性質不允許美國政府批准僅轉移資金的地址（而不是其他鏈上操作）。然而，幸運的是，對於那些監管機構來說，這並不是一個問題。

Tornado Cash is a straightforward protocol that enables only the transfer of funds. By sanctioning the protocol, the U.S. government was able to sanction the undesired action.

Tornado Cash 是一種簡單的協議，僅支持資金轉移。透過批准該協議，美國政府能夠批准這種不受歡迎的行為。

This approach will not translate to the emerging wave of more expressive privacy networks, which can facilitate anything from transferring funds to sending messages. Unable to select and sanction specific actions behind a privacy wall, regulators will be faced with a choice: sanction an entire protocol, including all the benign non-financial activity, or adapt and learn how to regulate privacy networks to create a symbiotic relationship between regulator and individual.

這種方法不會轉化為新興的更具表現力的隱私網路浪潮，該網路可以促進從轉移資金到發送訊息的任何事情。由於無法選擇和批准隱私牆背後的具體行動，監管機構將面臨一個選擇：批准整個協議，包括所有良性非金融活動，或適應並學習如何監管隱私網絡，以在監管機構之間建立共生關係。個人。

A world where tax filers and regulators happily and trustlessly interact with zero-knowledge technology is not right around the corner. Not only does a considerable amount of work need to happen in the Web3 privacy space, but lawmakers also need to warm up to the crypto industry as a whole, let alone more esoteric and technical niches like zero-knowledge.

稅務申報者和監管者愉快且無需信任地與零知識技術互動的世界還遠未到來。不僅 Web3 隱私領域需要做大量工作，立法者還需要對整個加密行業進行熱身，更不用說零知識等更深奧的技術利基領域了。

However, just like death and taxes, privacy technology, too, is inevitable. The evolution of Web3 will continue to integrate more privacy solutions, and both users and regulators will be eventually forced to contend with the technology. Recognizing today that this collision isn't destined to be antagonistic is just the starting point.

然而，就像死亡和稅收一樣，隱私技術也是不可避免的。 Web3的發展將持續整合更多的隱私解決方案，使用者和監管機構最終都將被迫與該技術抗衡。今天認識到這場衝突並不注定是對抗性的，這只是一個起點。

Layer 2

第2層

Tax Week

稅務週

Disclosure

揭露

Please note that our privacy policy, terms of use, cookies, do not sell my personal information CoinDesk is an independently managed, fully licensed立つインターナショナルな情報サイトで、世界中のエンターテイメント、スポーツ、テクノロジー、ビジネスに関するニュースを提供しています。 CoinDesk was acquired Block.one; both companies have interests

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Matthew Niemerg is the co-founder of Aleph Zero.

馬修‧尼默格 (Matthew Niemerg) 是阿萊夫零 (Aleph Zero) 的共同創辦人。