美國眾議院狹窄通過了唐納德·特朗普總統的綜合稅收和支出立法

現在，這移至參議院，面臨進一步的審議。該法案包含許多規定，因為它試圖使2017年提出的減稅措施永久性。

The US House of Representatives passed President Donald Trump’s comprehensive tax and spending legislation, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, on Friday, delivering a decisive 215-214 vote that sends the sprawling bill to the Senate.

美國眾議院週五通過了總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的綜合稅收和支出立法，稱為《一項大規模法案法》，以決定性的215-214投票將龐大的法案發送給參議院。

The vote fell largely along expected lines, with all 214 Democrats voting against the bill and seven Republicans joining them. Those Republicans were Carlos Garcìa (R-Fla.), Dan Newhouse (R-Wash.), Marie Garcia Benavent (R-Calif.), John Mann (R-Ky.), Donald Payseur (R-Pa.), and Jeb Burton (R-Md.).

投票在很大程度上符合預期的線索，所有214名民主黨人都對該法案進行了投票，還有7名共和黨人加入了法案。那些共和黨人是卡洛斯·加爾卡（R-Fla。），丹·紐豪斯（R-Wash。），瑪麗·加西亞·貝納文特（R-Calif。），John Mann（R-ky。），Donald Payseur（R-Pa。）和Jeb Burton（R-Md。）。

The legislation bundles together a permanent extension of the 2017 tax cuts with new exemptions for tips, overtime pay, and car loan interests, while also raising the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap from $10,000 to $40,000 for incomes under $500,000. It also increases the child tax credit to $2,500 through 2028, which then reverts to $2,000, and establishes $1,000 savings accounts for children born during Trump’s second term. The 5% tax on remittances is part of the package, too.

該立法將2017年減稅的永久性延長和提示，加班費和汽車貸款利息的新豁免，同時還將州和地方稅（鹽）扣除額從10,000美元提高到40,000美元，收入低於500,000美元。它還將兒童稅收抵免額提高到2500美元，直到2028年，然後將其恢復到2,000美元，並為特朗普第二學期出生的兒童建立了1,000美元的儲蓄帳戶。匯款的5％稅也是該包裝的一部分。

On the spending front, the bill allocates around $150 billion to defense, including a $20 billion missile defense system, and directs the rest to border security, with $50 billion assigned for completing the southern border wall.

在支出方面，該法案分配了約1500億美元的國防，其中包括200億美元的導彈防禦系統，並將其餘的將其定向到邊境安全，分配了500億美元用於完成南部邊境牆。

Additionally, the legislation bundles social program cuts and education reforms, such as the implementation of work requirements for Medicaid and SNAP beneficiaries. The bill also ends federal direct subsidized loans for undergraduates and introduces stricter eligibility for Pell Grants.

此外，該立法捆綁了社會計劃削減和教育改革，例如實施醫療補助和SNAP受益人的工作要求。該法案還結束了聯邦直接補貼本科生的貸款，並為佩爾贈款提供了更嚴格的資格。

Furthermore, a big cut to green energy tax credits from the Biden-era Inflation Reduction Act is incorporated.

此外，還納入了《拜登時代的降低通貨膨脹法》對綠色能源稅收抵免的大幅度削減。

Possible Implications

可能的含義

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated that the bill would add around $3.8 trillion to the national debt over the next decade, pushing it to 125% of GDP. In addition, CBO projects that the proposed changes would result in 8.6 million fewer people having healthcare coverage and 3 million fewer individuals receiving SNAP food stamp benefits each month.

國會預算辦公室（CBO）估計，該法案將在未來十年內增加約3.8萬億美元，將其推向GDP的125％。此外，CBO預測擬議的更改將導致860萬人擁有醫療保險範圍，而每月獲得SNAP食品券福利的人減少了300萬人。

As one might expect, this didn’t sit well with the Democrats, who united in their opposition to the bill, which passed with a surprising majority of seven Republicans joining the Democrats in voting no.

正如人們可能期望的那樣，這與民主黨人不利，民主黨人團結起來反對該法案，該法案以令人驚訝的七名共和黨人中的多數加入了民主黨人的投票。

Democrats criticize the bill for favoring the wealthy and cutting essential services for vulnerable populations. They argue that the legislation prioritizes short-term gains for a few over long-term stability and well-being for the nation as a whole.

民主黨人批評該法案偏愛富裕和削減脆弱人群的基本服務。他們認為，該立法將短期收益優先考慮一些長期穩定和整個國家的福祉。

Now, it’s up to the Senate to review the bill, with debates likely to center on its fiscal implications and social program reforms. Any amendments would require reconciliation with the House version before the bill can be enacted into law.

現在，由參議院審查該法案，辯論可能以其財政影響和社會計劃改革為中心。任何修正案都需要在將法案頒布成法律之前與房屋版本進行和解。

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