美国众议院狭窄通过了唐纳德·特朗普总统的综合税收和支出立法

现在，这移至参议院，面临进一步的审议。该法案包含许多规定，因为它试图使2017年提出的减税措施永久性。

The US House of Representatives passed President Donald Trump’s comprehensive tax and spending legislation, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, on Friday, delivering a decisive 215-214 vote that sends the sprawling bill to the Senate.

美国众议院周五通过了总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的综合税收和支出立法，称为《一项大规模法案法》，以决定性的215-214投票将庞大的法案发送给参议院。

The vote fell largely along expected lines, with all 214 Democrats voting against the bill and seven Republicans joining them. Those Republicans were Carlos Garcìa (R-Fla.), Dan Newhouse (R-Wash.), Marie Garcia Benavent (R-Calif.), John Mann (R-Ky.), Donald Payseur (R-Pa.), and Jeb Burton (R-Md.).

投票在很大程度上符合预期的线索，所有214名民主党人都对该法案进行了投票，还有7名共和党人加入了法案。那些共和党人是卡洛斯·加尔卡（R-Fla。），丹·纽豪斯（R-Wash。），玛丽·加西亚·贝纳文特（R-Calif。），John Mann（R-ky。），Donald Payseur（R-Pa。）和Jeb Burton（R-Md。）。

The legislation bundles together a permanent extension of the 2017 tax cuts with new exemptions for tips, overtime pay, and car loan interests, while also raising the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap from $10,000 to $40,000 for incomes under $500,000. It also increases the child tax credit to $2,500 through 2028, which then reverts to $2,000, and establishes $1,000 savings accounts for children born during Trump’s second term. The 5% tax on remittances is part of the package, too.

该立法将2017年减税的永久性延长和提示，加班费和汽车贷款利息的新豁免，同时还将州和地方税（盐）扣除额从10,000美元提高到40,000美元，收入低于500,000美元。它还将儿童税收抵免额提高到2500美元，直到2028年，然后将其恢复到2,000美元，并为特朗普第二学期出生的儿童建立了1,000美元的储蓄帐户。汇款的5％税也是该包装的一部分。

On the spending front, the bill allocates around $150 billion to defense, including a $20 billion missile defense system, and directs the rest to border security, with $50 billion assigned for completing the southern border wall.

在支出方面，该法案分配了约1500亿美元的国防，其中包括200亿美元的导弹防御系统，并将其余的将其定向到边境安全，分配了500亿美元用于完成南部边境墙。

Additionally, the legislation bundles social program cuts and education reforms, such as the implementation of work requirements for Medicaid and SNAP beneficiaries. The bill also ends federal direct subsidized loans for undergraduates and introduces stricter eligibility for Pell Grants.

此外，该立法捆绑了社会计划削减和教育改革，例如实施医疗补助和SNAP受益人的工作要求。该法案还结束了联邦直接补贴本科生的贷款，并为佩尔赠款提供了更严格的资格。

Furthermore, a big cut to green energy tax credits from the Biden-era Inflation Reduction Act is incorporated.

此外，还纳入了《拜登时代的降低通货膨胀法》对绿色能源税收抵免的大幅度削减。

Possible Implications

可能的含义

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated that the bill would add around $3.8 trillion to the national debt over the next decade, pushing it to 125% of GDP. In addition, CBO projects that the proposed changes would result in 8.6 million fewer people having healthcare coverage and 3 million fewer individuals receiving SNAP food stamp benefits each month.

国会预算办公室（CBO）估计，该法案将在未来十年内增加约3.8万亿美元，将其推向GDP的125％。此外，CBO预测拟议的更改将导致860万人拥有医疗保险范围，而每月获得SNAP食品券福利的人减少了300万人。

As one might expect, this didn’t sit well with the Democrats, who united in their opposition to the bill, which passed with a surprising majority of seven Republicans joining the Democrats in voting no.

正如人们可能期望的那样，这与民主党人不利，民主党人团结起来反对该法案，该法案以令人惊讶的七名共和党人中的多数加入了民主党人的投票。

Democrats criticize the bill for favoring the wealthy and cutting essential services for vulnerable populations. They argue that the legislation prioritizes short-term gains for a few over long-term stability and well-being for the nation as a whole.

民主党人批评该法案偏爱富裕和削减脆弱人群的基本服务。他们认为，该立法将短期收益优先考虑一些长期稳定和整个国家的福祉。

Now, it’s up to the Senate to review the bill, with debates likely to center on its fiscal implications and social program reforms. Any amendments would require reconciliation with the House version before the bill can be enacted into law.

现在，由参议院审查该法案，辩论可能以其财政影响和社会计划改革为中心。任何修正案都需要在将法案颁布成法律之前与房屋版本进行和解。

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