以太坊 - 釋放了世界上智能合同的網絡 - 隨著當今的Pectra升級而進入下一章，但這到底是什麼意思？

Pectra計劃於2025年5月7日，左右在UTC上午10:00左右在Epoch 364032開始時在Ethereum Mainnet上直播。包括EIP-7702，EIP-7251和EIP-7691的三個主要以太坊改進建議（EIPS）。

Pectra, the upcoming Ethereum (ETH) upgrade, is set to introduce several noteworthy changes to the network, including smart account functionality, increased validator staking limits, and enhanced layer-2 scalability.

Pectra是即將到來的以太坊（ETH）升級，將為網絡引入一些值得注意的更改，包括智能帳戶功能，增加驗證器的放電限制和增強的第2層可擴展性。

Scheduled for deployment on May 7 at approximately 10:00 am (GMT), Pectra will mark the beginning of epoch 364032. The upgrade comprises three main Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs): EIP-7702, EIP-7251, and EIP-7691.

Pectra計劃於5月7日上午10:00（GMT）進行部署，將標誌著Epoch 364032的開始。升級包括三個主要的以太坊改進建議（EIPS）：EIP-7702，EIP-7251，EIP-7251和EIP-7691。

EIP-7702 grants externally owned accounts the ability to operate as smart contracts, covering gas expenses and payments in tokens other than Ether (ETH). Meanwhile, EIP-7251 increases the validator staking limit from 32 ETH to 2,048 ETH, aiming to simplify operations for large stakers.

EIP-7702授予外部擁有的授予作為智能合約運營的能力，涵蓋以太（ETH）以外的其他代幣的汽油費用和付款。同時，EIP-7251將驗證器的固定限制從32 ETH提高到2,048 ETH，旨在簡化大型Stakers的操作。

Furthermore, EIP-7691 will expand the number of data blobs per block, which is expected to enhance layer-2 scalability and potentially lead to a significant reduction in transaction fees.

此外，EIP-7691將擴大每個塊數據斑點的數量，這有望增強2層可伸縮性，並可能導致交易費用顯著降低。

Highlighting the implications of Pectra, Sergej Kunz, co-founder of the decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator 1inch, noted that the upgrade introduces "smart account functionality" at deeper protocol levels and improves Ethereum's scalability through layer-2 solutions.

分散交易所（DEX）聚合器1英寸的聯合創始人Sergej Kunz強調了Pectra的含義，指出該升級在更深的協議級別上引入了“智能帳戶功能”，並通過層 - 第2層解決方案提高了以太坊的可伸縮性。

"It also paves the way for native gasless transactions and simplified user flows," Kunz added.

Kunz補充說：“它還為本地無氣交易和簡化的用戶流動鋪平了道路。”

At Base Ethereum layer-2 DEX Alien.Base, lead developer 0xAw observed that EIP-7702 is a potentially excellent addition for Ethereum.

在基礎以太坊層dex外星人基本底座，鉛開發人員0xAW觀察到EIP-7702是以太坊的潛在優質添加。

"It's an efficient way to get account abstraction on the protocol level without forcing users to switch wallets," 0xAw stated.

0 XAW說：“這是在協議級別上獲得帳戶抽象而不強迫用戶切換錢包的有效方法。”

The developer highlighted the positives of adopting such a solution, including "getting rid of approval flows, not having to sign each transaction, segregated permissions and actions, and automations on behalf of the user."

開發人員強調了採用這種解決方案的積極性，包括“擺脫批准流，不必簽署每筆交易，隔離權限和動作，以及代表用戶自動化”。

Following the update, developers will have an easier time implementing the features, while users will have a better understanding of what they are signing, 0xAw noted.

0XAW指出，在更新之後，開發人員將更輕鬆地實施這些功能，而用戶將更好地了解其簽名的內容。

While account attraction "won't magically result in mass adoption," it still "does remove a significant barrier to entry for new people," the developer added.

開發人員補充說，儘管帳戶吸引力“不會神奇地導致大規模採用”，但它仍然“消除了新朋友的重大障礙”。

The update will also introduce changes to the way users interact with decentralized applications (DApps).

該更新還將引入用戶與分散應用程序（DAPP）交互方式的更改。

"There will be no more infinite ERC-20 approvals, and users won't need native currency like ETH to pay transaction gas fees," said Ivo Georgiev, founder and CEO of the self-custodial smart wallet Ambire.

自我監護的智能錢包Ambire的創始人兼首席執行官Ivo Georgiev說：“將不再有無限的ERC-20批准，並且用戶不需要ETH等新聞貨幣來支付交易費用。”

However, the change is not without its downsides. According to 0xAw, it gives "users have one more dangerous thing they could sign, which would be even more damaging than an approval to wallet drainers."

但是，變化並非沒有弊端。根據0xaw的說法，它使“用戶有更多的危險事物可以簽署，這比批准錢包排出者更具破壞性。”

"Drainers proved that users will sign 'harmless' messages in cloned DApps," explained Mike Tiutin, chief technology officer at the onchain compliance protocol PureFi. Now, the risk will get worse: users will be able to easily clone DApps and add malicious code to steal funds."

OnChain合規協議Purefi的首席技術官Mike Tiutin解釋說：“ Drainers證明用戶將在克隆的Dapps中籤署'無害'消息。”現在，風險將變得更糟：用戶將能夠輕鬆克隆DAPP並添加惡意代碼以竊取資金。 ”

Georgiev remains optimistic, believing that there will not be a tangible increase in risk.

格魯吉耶夫仍然樂觀，認為風險不會有明顯的增加。

"By this point, the industry knows how to create a secure contract, especially with such a minimal scope as an EIP-7702 delegation," Georgiev noted.

Georgiev指出：“至此，該行業知道如何建立安全合同，尤其是在EIP-7702代表團之類的最小範圍內。”

Moreover, Pectra will bring about a change in the way users interact with validator deposits.

此外，Pectra將帶來用戶與驗證器存款互動的方式的變化。

"This will make institutional staking much easier to integrate without taking too much risk," said Artemiy Parshakov, vice president of institutions at the Ethereum staking service P2P.org.

以太坊Statiking Service P2P.org機構副總裁Artemiy Parshakov說：“這將使機構的庫存更容易整合而不承擔太大的風險。”

Parshakov's firm's clients had to obtain a signed message from their service provider to be able to exit and store it securely for later use.

Parshakov的公司的客戶必須從其服務提供商那裡獲取一條簽名的消息，以便能夠安全地退出和存儲以供以後使用。

Until Pectra, it was impossible for a staker to exit without the participation of the service provider. The messages also couldn't be generated until about 13 hours after starting staking, which will now be decreased to about 13 minutes.

直到Pectra之前，如果沒有服務提供商的參與，Staker就不可能退出。這些消息也無法生成，直到開始放入後約13個小時，現在將減少到大約13分鐘。

Another notable upgrade is EIP-6110, which will make the execution-layer block carry data about new validator deposits to the consensus layer.

另一個值得注意的升級是EIP-6110，它將使執行層塊攜帶有關新驗證器存款到共識層的數據。

Validator deposits are new validators joining Ethereum's staking protocol. Until Pectra, consensus clients waited for block proposers to vote on a Merkle root that summarized deposits. Now, the execution-layer block includes (supplies) a list of new verifier deposits.

驗證器存款是加入以太坊的佔有協議的新驗證器。在Pectra之前，共識客戶等待Block提議者對總結存款的默克爾根本進行投票。現在，執行層塊包括（供應）新驗證者存款列表。

This change is very deep into Ethereum's consensus layer, and its introduction follows client bugs breaking the Holesky and Sepolia Ethereum test networks.

這種變化非常深入以太坊的共識層，其引言遵循破壞Holesky和Sepolia以太坊測試網絡的客戶錯誤。

However, Parshakov noted that his firm's biggest concern are client bugs, which they trust will be prevented by the respective teams and the Ethereum Foundation.

但是，帕沙科夫（Parshakov）指出，他公司最關心的是客戶錯誤，他們相信的團隊和以太坊基金會將阻止這一問題。