以太坊 - 释放了世界上智能合同的网络 - 随着当今的Pectra升级而进入下一章，但这到底是什么意思？

Pectra计划于2025年5月7日，左右在UTC上午10:00左右在Epoch 364032开始时在Ethereum Mainnet上直播。包括EIP-7702，EIP-7251和EIP-7691的三个主要以太坊改进建议（EIPS）。

Pectra, the upcoming Ethereum (ETH) upgrade, is set to introduce several noteworthy changes to the network, including smart account functionality, increased validator staking limits, and enhanced layer-2 scalability.

Pectra是即将到来的以太坊（ETH）升级，将为网络引入一些值得注意的更改，包括智能帐户功能，增加验证器的放电限制和增强的第2层可扩展性。

Scheduled for deployment on May 7 at approximately 10:00 am (GMT), Pectra will mark the beginning of epoch 364032. The upgrade comprises three main Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs): EIP-7702, EIP-7251, and EIP-7691.

Pectra计划于5月7日上午10:00（GMT）进行部署，将标志着Epoch 364032的开始。升级包括三个主要的以太坊改进建议（EIPS）：EIP-7702，EIP-7251，EIP-7251和EIP-7691。

EIP-7702 grants externally owned accounts the ability to operate as smart contracts, covering gas expenses and payments in tokens other than Ether (ETH). Meanwhile, EIP-7251 increases the validator staking limit from 32 ETH to 2,048 ETH, aiming to simplify operations for large stakers.

EIP-7702授予外部拥有的授予作为智能合约运营的能力，涵盖以太（ETH）以外的其他代币的汽油费用和付款。同时，EIP-7251将验证器的固定限制从32 ETH提高到2,048 ETH，旨在简化大型Stakers的操作。

Furthermore, EIP-7691 will expand the number of data blobs per block, which is expected to enhance layer-2 scalability and potentially lead to a significant reduction in transaction fees.

此外，EIP-7691将扩大每个块数据斑点的数量，这有望增强2层可伸缩性，并可能导致交易费用显着降低。

Highlighting the implications of Pectra, Sergej Kunz, co-founder of the decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator 1inch, noted that the upgrade introduces "smart account functionality" at deeper protocol levels and improves Ethereum's scalability through layer-2 solutions.

分散交易所（DEX）聚合器1英寸的联合创始人Sergej Kunz强调了Pectra的含义，指出该升级在更深的协议级别上引入了“智能帐户功能”，并通过层 - 第2层解决方案提高了以太坊的可伸缩性。

"It also paves the way for native gasless transactions and simplified user flows," Kunz added.

Kunz补充说：“它还为本地无气交易和简化的用户流动铺平了道路。”

At Base Ethereum layer-2 DEX Alien.Base, lead developer 0xAw observed that EIP-7702 is a potentially excellent addition for Ethereum.

在基础以太坊层dex外星人基本底座，铅开发人员0xAW观察到EIP-7702是以太坊的潜在优质添加。

"It's an efficient way to get account abstraction on the protocol level without forcing users to switch wallets," 0xAw stated.

0 XAW说：“这是在协议级别上获得帐户抽象而不强迫用户切换钱包的有效方法。”

The developer highlighted the positives of adopting such a solution, including "getting rid of approval flows, not having to sign each transaction, segregated permissions and actions, and automations on behalf of the user."

开发人员强调了采用这种解决方案的积极性，包括“摆脱批准流，不必签署每笔交易，隔离权限和动作，以及代表用户自动化”。

Following the update, developers will have an easier time implementing the features, while users will have a better understanding of what they are signing, 0xAw noted.

0XAW指出，在更新之后，开发人员将更轻松地实施这些功能，而用户将更好地了解其签名的内容。

While account attraction "won't magically result in mass adoption," it still "does remove a significant barrier to entry for new people," the developer added.

开发人员补充说，尽管帐户吸引力“不会神奇地导致大规模采用”，但它仍然“消除了新朋友的重大障碍”。

The update will also introduce changes to the way users interact with decentralized applications (DApps).

该更新还将引入用户与分散应用程序（DAPP）交互方式的更改。

"There will be no more infinite ERC-20 approvals, and users won't need native currency like ETH to pay transaction gas fees," said Ivo Georgiev, founder and CEO of the self-custodial smart wallet Ambire.

自我监护的智能钱包Ambire的创始人兼首席执行官Ivo Georgiev说：“将不再有无限的ERC-20批准，并且用户不需要ETH等新闻货币来支付交易费用。”

However, the change is not without its downsides. According to 0xAw, it gives "users have one more dangerous thing they could sign, which would be even more damaging than an approval to wallet drainers."

但是，变化并非没有弊端。根据0xaw的说法，它使“用户有更多的危险事物可以签署，这比批准钱包排出者更具破坏性。”

"Drainers proved that users will sign 'harmless' messages in cloned DApps," explained Mike Tiutin, chief technology officer at the onchain compliance protocol PureFi. Now, the risk will get worse: users will be able to easily clone DApps and add malicious code to steal funds."

OnChain合规协议Purefi的首席技术官Mike Tiutin解释说：“ Drainers证明用户将在克隆的Dapps中签署'无害'消息。”现在，风险将变得更糟：用户将能够轻松克隆DAPP并添加恶意代码以窃取资金。”

Georgiev remains optimistic, believing that there will not be a tangible increase in risk.

格鲁吉耶夫仍然乐观，认为风险不会有明显的增加。

"By this point, the industry knows how to create a secure contract, especially with such a minimal scope as an EIP-7702 delegation," Georgiev noted.

Georgiev指出：“至此，该行业知道如何建立安全合同，尤其是在EIP-7702代表团之类的最小范围内。”

Moreover, Pectra will bring about a change in the way users interact with validator deposits.

此外，Pectra将带来用户与验证器存款互动的方式的变化。

"This will make institutional staking much easier to integrate without taking too much risk," said Artemiy Parshakov, vice president of institutions at the Ethereum staking service P2P.org.

以太坊Statiking Service P2P.org机构副总裁Artemiy Parshakov说：“这将使机构的库存更容易整合而不承担太大的风险。”

Parshakov's firm's clients had to obtain a signed message from their service provider to be able to exit and store it securely for later use.

Parshakov的公司的客户必须从其服务提供商那里获取一条签名的消息，以便能够安全地退出和存储以供以后使用。

Until Pectra, it was impossible for a staker to exit without the participation of the service provider. The messages also couldn't be generated until about 13 hours after starting staking, which will now be decreased to about 13 minutes.

直到Pectra之前，如果没有服务提供商的参与，Staker就不可能退出。这些消息也无法生成，直到开始放入后约13个小时，现在将减少到大约13分钟。

Another notable upgrade is EIP-6110, which will make the execution-layer block carry data about new validator deposits to the consensus layer.

另一个值得注意的升级是EIP-6110，它将使执行层块携带有关新验证器存款到共识层的数据。

Validator deposits are new validators joining Ethereum's staking protocol. Until Pectra, consensus clients waited for block proposers to vote on a Merkle root that summarized deposits. Now, the execution-layer block includes (supplies) a list of new verifier deposits.

验证器存款是加入以太坊的占有协议的新验证器。在Pectra之前，共识客户等待Block提议者对总结存款的默克尔根本进行投票。现在，执行层块包括（供应）新验证者存款列表。

This change is very deep into Ethereum's consensus layer, and its introduction follows client bugs breaking the Holesky and Sepolia Ethereum test networks.

这种变化非常深入以太坊的共识层，其引言遵循破坏Holesky和Sepolia以太坊测试网络的客户错误。

However, Parshakov noted that his firm's biggest concern are client bugs, which they trust will be prevented by the respective teams and the Ethereum Foundation.

但是，帕沙科夫（Parshakov）指出，他公司最关心的是客户错误，他们相信的团队和以太坊基金会将阻止这一问题。