以太坊 Layer-2 繁榮：L2 是否必須從主網驗證者購買去中心化？

經過多年的完善，世界上最大的智慧合約平台以太坊正在擴展。然而，它並沒有以大多數去中心化的方式擴展

Ethereum, the world’s largest smart contracts platform, has finally begun to scale after years of refinement. However, it is not scaling in the way that most decentralization purists would like.

以太坊作為全球最大的智慧合約平台，經過多年的完善，終於開始規模化。然而，它並沒有按照大多數去中心化純粹主義者所希望的方式來擴展。

In an effort to accommodate its vast user base, the network now relies primarily on off-chain solutions that utilize roll-up technology to process a higher volume of transactions and alleviate the strain on the mainnet.

為了適應其龐大的用戶群，該網路現在主要依賴鏈下解決方案，這些解決方案利用匯總技術來處理更多交易量並減輕主網的壓力。

The Rise of Layer-2 Solutions for Ethereum

以太坊第 2 層解決方案的興起

This approach has led to a surge in popularity for layer-2 platforms. According to data from L2Beat, the combined total of assets under management across these off-chain solutions that scale Ethereum now exceeds $37 billion.

這種方法導致第 2 層平台的受歡迎程度激增。根據 L2Beat 的數據，這些擴展以太坊的鏈下解決方案管理的資產總額現已超過 370 億美元。

Of these platforms, Arbitrum leads the pack with over $13 billion in assets under its purview.

在這些平台中，Arbitrum 名列前茅，旗下資產超過 130 億美元。

Despite this boom, the question of decentralization remains a pressing concern. While Arbitrum, Base, and other layer-2s on Ethereum are gaining significant traction, most have yet to fully decentralize.

儘管出現這種繁榮，權力下放問題仍然是一個迫切的問題。雖然 Arbitrum、Base 和以太坊上的其他第 2 層正在獲得巨大的關注，但大多數尚未完全去中心化。

As an example, the absence of a decentralized fault-proof system or sequencer, both of which are operated by the developers of these layer-2s, creates a point of weakness within the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

例如，缺乏去中心化的防錯系統或定序器（兩者均由這些 Layer-2 的開發人員操作），在更廣泛的以太坊生態系統中造成了一個弱點。

Public data reveals that Arbitrum utilizes a permissioned fault-proof system, while Optimism had to withdraw following the discovery of flaws during audits.

公開數據顯示，Arbitrum 使用了經過許可的防錯系統，而 Optimism 在審計過程中發現缺陷後不得不退出。

In the architecture of any layer-2, a fault-proof system ensures that any transaction submitted to the sequencer is valid, as it would be if sent directly to the mainnet.

在任何第 2 層的架構中，防錯系統可確保提交給定序器的任何交易都是有效的，就像直接發送到主網一樣。

From the fault-proof, it is sequenced before being batched and confirmed on the mainnet, incurring a fee paid by Ethereum validators for settling this batch of transactions.

從防錯角度來看，在主網上進行批量和確認之前會進行排序，以太坊驗證者會為結算這筆交易支付費用。

L2s May Need to Purchase Decentralization from Mainnet Validators

L2 可能需要從主網驗證者購買去中心化

However, the issue lies in the fact that fees have dropped rapidly over the past few months following the activation of Dencun.

但問題在於，Dencun 上線後的幾個月裡，費用迅速下降。

This trend indicates that low gas fees, coupled with a booming layer-2 ecosystem, could disincentivize validators from participating in the network.

這一趨勢表明，較低的 Gas 費用，加上蓬勃發展的 Layer-2 生態系統，可能會抑制驗證者參與網路的動機。

While this concern is valid, Token Terminal analysts are convinced that the narrative is about to change.

雖然這種擔憂是有道理的，但 Token Terminal 分析師相信這種說法即將改變。

According to their analysis, all Ethereum layer-2s will eventually need to "buy" decentralization from mainnet validators.

根據他們的分析，所有以太坊第 2 層最終都需要從主網驗證器「購買」去中心化。

The fortunate aspect of this scenario is that there is no shortage of candidates to choose from. As reported by Beaconcha.in, over one million validators are currently securing the blockchain.

這種情況的幸運之處在於，不乏可供選擇的候選人。根據 Beaconcha.in 報導，目前有超過一百萬驗證者正在保護區塊鏈。

As Token Terminal argues, although they could opt to build, creating a complex network of decentralized layer-2 validators would be a resource-intensive undertaking.

正如 Token Terminal 所說，儘管他們可以選擇構建，但創建一個由去中心化的第 2 層驗證器組成的複雜網路將是一項資源密集型工作。

Hence, the more feasible option would be to purchase decentralization from a subset of Ethereum layer-1 validators.

因此，更可行的選擇是從以太坊第 1 層驗證器的子集購買去中心化。

If selected, these validators could negotiate for higher fees than what the network offers, substantially boosting their revenue.

如果被選中，這些驗證者可以協商獲得比網路提供的更高的費用，從而大大增加他們的收入。

At the same time, as demand surges for layer-2 decentralization solutions, so too would the stream of validators.

同時，隨著對第二層去中心化解決方案的需求激增，驗證者的數量也隨之激增。