以太坊 Layer-2 繁荣：L2 是否必须从主网验证者那里购买去中心化？

经过多年的完善，世界上最大的智能合约平台以太坊正在扩展。然而，它并没有以大多数去中心化的方式扩展

Ethereum, the world’s largest smart contracts platform, has finally begun to scale after years of refinement. However, it is not scaling in the way that most decentralization purists would like.

以太坊作为全球最大的智能合约平台，经过多年的完善，终于开始规模化。然而，它并没有按照大多数去中心化纯粹主义者所希望的方式进行扩展。

In an effort to accommodate its vast user base, the network now relies primarily on off-chain solutions that utilize roll-up technology to process a higher volume of transactions and alleviate the strain on the mainnet.

为了适应其庞大的用户群，该网络现在主要依赖于链下解决方案，这些解决方案利用汇总技术来处理更多交易量并减轻主网的压力。

The Rise of Layer-2 Solutions for Ethereum

以太坊第 2 层解决方案的兴起

This approach has led to a surge in popularity for layer-2 platforms. According to data from L2Beat, the combined total of assets under management across these off-chain solutions that scale Ethereum now exceeds $37 billion.

这种方法导致第 2 层平台的受欢迎程度激增。根据 L2Beat 的数据，这些扩展以太坊的链下解决方案管理的资产总额现已超过 370 亿美元。

Of these platforms, Arbitrum leads the pack with over $13 billion in assets under its purview.

在这些平台中，Arbitrum 名列前茅，旗下资产超过 130 亿美元。

Despite this boom, the question of decentralization remains a pressing concern. While Arbitrum, Base, and other layer-2s on Ethereum are gaining significant traction, most have yet to fully decentralize.

尽管出现这种繁荣，权力下放问题仍然是一个紧迫的问题。虽然 Arbitrum、Base 和以太坊上的其他第 2 层正在获得巨大的关注，但大多数尚未完全去中心化。

As an example, the absence of a decentralized fault-proof system or sequencer, both of which are operated by the developers of these layer-2s, creates a point of weakness within the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

例如，缺乏去中心化的防错系统或定序器（两者均由这些 Layer-2 的开发人员操作），在更广泛的以太坊生态系统中造成了一个弱点。

Public data reveals that Arbitrum utilizes a permissioned fault-proof system, while Optimism had to withdraw following the discovery of flaws during audits.

公开数据显示，Arbitrum 使用了经过许可的防错系统，而 Optimism 在审计过程中发现缺陷后不得不退出。

In the architecture of any layer-2, a fault-proof system ensures that any transaction submitted to the sequencer is valid, as it would be if sent directly to the mainnet.

在任何第 2 层的架构中，防错系统可确保提交给定序器的任何交易都是有效的，就像直接发送到主网一样。

From the fault-proof, it is sequenced before being batched and confirmed on the mainnet, incurring a fee paid by Ethereum validators for settling this batch of transactions.

从防错角度来看，在主网上进行批量和确认之前会进行排序，以太坊验证者会为结算这批交易支付费用。

L2s May Need to Purchase Decentralization from Mainnet Validators

L2 可能需要从主网验证者那里购买去中心化

However, the issue lies in the fact that fees have dropped rapidly over the past few months following the activation of Dencun.

但问题在于，Dencun 上线后的几个月里，费用迅速下降。

This trend indicates that low gas fees, coupled with a booming layer-2 ecosystem, could disincentivize validators from participating in the network.

这一趋势表明，较低的 Gas 费用，加上蓬勃发展的 Layer-2 生态系统，可能会抑制验证者参与网络的积极性。

While this concern is valid, Token Terminal analysts are convinced that the narrative is about to change.

虽然这种担忧是有道理的，但 Token Terminal 分析师相信这种说法即将改变。

According to their analysis, all Ethereum layer-2s will eventually need to "buy" decentralization from mainnet validators.

根据他们的分析，所有以太坊第 2 层最终都需要从主网验证器“购买”去中心化。

The fortunate aspect of this scenario is that there is no shortage of candidates to choose from. As reported by Beaconcha.in, over one million validators are currently securing the blockchain.

这种情况的幸运之处在于，不乏可供选择的候选人。据 Beaconcha.in 报道，目前有超过一百万验证者正在保护区块链。

As Token Terminal argues, although they could opt to build, creating a complex network of decentralized layer-2 validators would be a resource-intensive undertaking.

正如 Token Terminal 所说，尽管他们可以选择构建，但创建一个由去中心化的第 2 层验证器组成的复杂网络将是一项资源密集型工作。

Hence, the more feasible option would be to purchase decentralization from a subset of Ethereum layer-1 validators.

因此，更可行的选择是从以太坊第 1 层验证器的子集购买去中心化。

If selected, these validators could negotiate for higher fees than what the network offers, substantially boosting their revenue.

如果被选中，这些验证者可以协商获得比网络提供的更高的费用，从而大大增加他们的收入。

At the same time, as demand surges for layer-2 decentralization solutions, so too would the stream of validators.

与此同时，随着对第二层去中心化解决方案的需求激增，验证者的数量也随之激增。